Stefan Sütterlin

• Melnikovas, Aleksandras; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Maennel, Kaie; Brilingaitė, Agnė; Sütterlin, Stefan & Juozapavičius, Aušrius (2023). Teaching Pentesting to Social Sciences Students Using ExperientialLearning Techniques to Improve Attitudes towards PossibleCybersecurity Careers. Proceedings of the ... European conference on information warfare and security. ISSN 2048-8602. 22(1), s. 294–302. doi: 10.34190/eccws.22.1.1145. Vis sammendrag

  Labor market analysis shows that there is a significant shortage of experienced cybersecurity professionals, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. In addition, young people who are reluctant to choose STEM subjects in school typically do not see cybersecurity as a part of their future because they believe it demands exclusive technical knowledge that is beyond their reach. We aimed to change this perception among students of the social sciences, assuming that by providing social science students with the basics of cybersecurity, it would be possible to raise their awareness and encourage them to consider this field as a potential career option. Our team has designed a concise technical course based on Kolb's model that employs experiential learning to provide students with a basic knowledge of ethical intrusion (penetration testing). During the 32-hour subject, cadet officers with no prior IT education experienced all the steps of hacking both into a remotely accessible and physically accessible computer, including initial reconnaissance, vulnerability scanning, exploitation, and privilege escalation. A hands-on practical task of breaking into a highly vulnerable remote computer allowed for the evaluation of knowledge and skills as well as the reinforcement of learning experiences. In order to assess how the students' perceptions of the cybersecurity profession have changed based on the theory of planned behavior, they were asked to provide feedback immediately after the course and one year later. The results indicate that the short, technically challenging, but practical course based on experiential learning had a significant and positive effect on participants' attitudes: they were substantially more likely to consider cybersecurity as a future career, and some of them began participating in other cybersecurity courses or activities. It is reasonable to assume, therefore, that providing similar technical courses to social science students will encourage them to pursue cybersecurity-related careers in the future.

• Firth, Andrea M.; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2023). The Role of Trait and State Mindfulness in Cognitive Performance of Male Adolescents. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. ISSN 1179-1578. 16, s. 3939–3948. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S409737. Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: The number of mindfulness intervention projects is continually increasing. Within the educational environment, mindfulness has purported links to well-being, positive behaviour, educational and cognitive performance. Trait mindfulness is related to rational thinking and better performance in cognitive tests, suggesting that innate mindfulness ability contributes to self-regulation ability and thus the efficacy of mindfulness interventions. The current study investigates whether mindfulness is a moderating factor. It examines correlations between cognitive performance and trait mindfulness. The study investigates the influence of trait mindfulness on the ability of students to enter state mindfulness in an attempt to understand the role both types of mindfulness may have on cognitive performance. Participants and Method: Two-hundred and five male students aged fifteen and sixteen completed the adolescent version of the Mindfulness Awareness Scale, the Cognitive Reflection Test, and the Toronto Mindfulness Scale. Results: Hierarchical regression analysis found that state mindfulness was a predictor of cognitive reflection ability. ANOVA also found that having either trait or state mindfulness predicted higher cognitive reflection scores, but only state mindfulness had a significant effect on cognitive reflection. Trait mindfulness was not a moderating factor. Conclusion: Both state and trait aspects of mindfulness ability influence cognitive performance. Those with higher trait mindfulness ability are better able to enter state mindfulness and thus had better cognitive reflection scores. However, where it is possible to induce state mindfulness into those with low trait mindfulness, CRT scores were also higher although not significantly so.

• Lande, Natalie Marie; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sætren, Sjur Skjørshammer; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Sütterlin, Stefan (2023). The Role of Emotion Regulation for General Self-Efficacy in Adolescents Assessed Through Both Neurophysiological and Self-Reported Measures. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. ISSN 1179-1578. 16, s. 3373–3383. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S406702. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Hoffmann, Lukas & Sütterlin, Stefan (2023). Gamification as a neuroergonomic approach to improving interpersonal situational awareness in cyber defense. Frontiers in Education. ISSN 2504-284X. 8. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2023.988043. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In cyber threat situations, the establishment of a shared situational awareness as a basis for cyber defense decision-making results from adequate communication of a Recognized Cyber Picture (RCP). RCPs consist of actively selected information and have the goal of accurately presenting the severity and potential consequences of the situation. RCPs must be communicated between individuals, but also between organizations, and often from technical to non-/less technical personnel. The communication of RCPs is subject to many challenges that may affect the transfer of critical information between individuals. There are currently no common best practices for training communication for shared situational awareness among cyber defense personnel. The Orient, Locate, Bridge (OLB) model is a pedagogic tool to improve communication between individuals during a cyber threat situation. According to the model, an individual must apply meta-cognitive awareness (O), perspective taking (L), and communication skills (B) to successfully communicate the RCP. Gamification (applying game elements to non-game contexts) has shown promise as an approach to learning. We propose a novel OLB-based Gamification design to improve dyadic communication for shared situational awareness among (technical and non-technical) individuals during a cyber threat situation. The design includes the Gamification elements of narrative, scoring, feedback, and judgment of self. The proposed concept contributes to the educational development of cyber operators from both military and civilian organizations responsible for defending and securing digital infrastructure. This is achieved by combining the elements of a novel communication model with Gamification in a context in urgent need for educational input.

• Knox, Benjamin James; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2023). Cognitive agility for improved understanding and self-governance: a human-centric AI enabler . I Carayannis, Elias & Grigoroudis, Evangelos (Red.), Cover Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence, Innovation and Entrepreneurship . Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781839106743. doi: https:/doi.org/10.4337/9781839106750.00019. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a catalyst for innovation activity. This chapter looks at developers and entrepreneurs as key human actors forming a performance triad with the AI. Successful exploitation of AI capabilities in entrepreneurial contexts requires humans to successfully collaborate, prevent communication errors and maintain control over the AI. To achieve this, human enablers require cognitive agility. This skill is founded upon metacognition and relies on heightened domain cognisance and the ability to govern one’s own actions. These attributes can be trained through adaptive non-standards based forms of education. Failure to develop the necessary human factor attributes risks increasing the likelihood of compromising the triad and the catalytic effect of AI. Developing cognitive expertise can mitigate ethical issues, power imbalances, bias, and adversarial factors that present significant challenges to technological solutions.

• Maennel, Kaie; Brilingaite, A.; Bukauskas, Linas; Juozapavičius, Aušrius; Knox, Benjamin James & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). A Multidimensional Cyber Defence Exercise: Emphasis on Emotional, Social and Cognitive Aspects. Sage Open. ISSN 2158-2440. doi: 10.1177/21582440231156367. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hands-on and practical learning has been key to cybersecurity education and training success. Cyber Defence Exercises (CDX) are a common approach to training, testing, and verifying technical and soft skills. However, full-scale CDX implementation is also an expensive training event. In order to advance such exercises to the next level, CDX organisers should further focus on educational, psychological and cross-domain relationships. The paper discusses and proposes a multidimensional approach for CDX that balances cognitive, emotional and social aspects critical for successful interdisciplinary learning. We share our experience incorporating knowledge from well-known psychology theories to CDX. We derive and describe seven elementary ingredients if a CDX is to meet the interdisciplinary and critical thinking needs of defensive cyberspace operations.

• Andersen, Fredrik; Herikstad, Yngve; Sütterlin, Stefan & Dechsling, Anders (2023). Negotiating Consensus for Diverging Evidence. An Application of the Explanatory Approach to Guidelines for the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders and Addiction. I Zachmann, Karin; Bondio, Mariacarla Gadebusch; Jukola, Saana & Sparschuh, Olga (Red.), Evidence Contestation: Dealing with Dissent in Knowledge Societies. Routledge. ISSN 9781003273509. s. 167–189.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Mägerle, Sophia; Glöckler, Sandra; Wolf, Leandra & Schray, Julian [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Individual Deep Fake Recognition Skills are Affected by Viewer’s Political Orientation, Agreement with Content and Device Used. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 14019(9). doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-35017-7_18. Vis sammendrag

  AI-generated “deep fakes” is increasingly used by cybercriminals conducting targeted and tailored social engineering attacks, and for influencing public opinion. To raise awareness and efficiently train individuals in recogniz-ing deep fakes, understanding individual differences in the ability to recognize them is central. Previous research suggested a close relationship between politi-cal attitudes and top-down perceptual and cognitive processing styles. In this study, we investigate the impact of political attitudes and agreement with the political message content on individual deep fake recognition skills. 163 adults (72 females = 44.2%) judged a series of video clips with politicians’ statements across the political spectrum regarding their authenticity and their agreement with the message content. Half of the presented videos were fabricated via lip-sync technology. In addition to agreement with each statement made, global po-litical attitudes towards social and economic topics were assessed via the Social and Economic Conservatism Scale (SECS). There were robust negative associa-tions between participants’ general and social conservatism and their ability to recognize fabricated videos, especially when where there was agreement with the message content. Deep fakes watched on mobile phones and tablets were considerably less likely to be recognized compared to when watched on station-ary computers. This is the first study to investigate and establish the association between political attitudes and interindividual differences in deep fake recogni-tion. The study supports recently published research suggesting relationships between conservatism and perceived credibility of conspiracy theories and fake news in general. Implications for further research are discussed.

• Ptacek, Martin; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Steptoe, Karl J. & Sütterlin, Stefan (2023). Effectiveness of the mindfulness–acceptance–commitment approach: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. ISSN 1612-197X. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2023.2180070.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Kullman, Kaur; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Engel, Don & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2023). A 3D mixed reality visualization of network topology and activity results in better dyadic cyber team communication and cyber situational awareness. Frontiers in Big Data. ISSN 2624-909X. 6. doi: 10.3389/fdata.2023.1042783. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Cyber defense decision-making during cyber threat situations is based on human-to-human communication aiming to establish a shared cyber situational awareness. Previous studies suggested that communication inefficiencies were among the biggest problems facing security operation center teams. There is a need for tools that allow for more efficient communication of cyber threat information between individuals both in education and during cyber threat situations. Methods: In the present study, we compared how the visual representation of network topology and traffic in 3D mixed reality vs. 2D affected team performance in a sample of cyber cadets (N = 22) cooperating in dyads. Performance outcomes included network topology recognition, cyber situational awareness, confidence in judgements, experienced communication demands, observed verbal communication, and forced choice decision-making. The study utilized network data from the NATO CCDCOE 2022 Locked Shields cyber defense exercise. Results: We found that participants using the 3D mixed reality visualization had better cyber situational awareness than participants in the 2D group. The 3D mixed reality group was generally more confident in their judgments except when performing worse than the 2D group on the topology recognition task (which favored the 2D condition). Participants in the 3D mixed reality group experienced less communication demands, and performed more verbal communication aimed at establishing a shared mental model and less communications discussing task resolution. Better communication was associated with better cyber situational awareness. There were no differences in decision-making between the groups. This could be due to cohort effects such as formal training or the modest sample size. Conclusion: This is the first study comparing the effect of 3D mixed reality and 2D visualizations of network topology on dyadic cyber team communication and cyber situational awareness. Using 3D mixed reality visualizations resulted in better cyber situational awareness and team communication. The experiment should be repeated in a larger and more diverse sample to determine its potential effect on decision-making.

• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Helgetun, Ivar & Sütterlin, Stefan (2023). Neurophysiological and emotional influences on team communication and metacognitive cyber situational awareness during a cyber engineering exercise. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. ISSN 1662-5161. 16(1092056). doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1092056. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Cyber operations unfold at superhuman speeds where cyber defense decisions are based on human-to-human communication aiming to achieve a shared cyber situational awareness. The recently proposed Orient, Locate, Bridge (OLB) model suggests a three-phase metacognitive approach for successful communication of cyber situational awareness for good cyber defense decision-making. Successful OLB execution implies applying cognitive control to coordinate self-referential and externally directed cognitive processes. In the brain, this is dependent on the frontoparietal control network and its connectivity to the default mode network. Emotional reactions may increase default mode network activity and reduce attention allocation to analytical processes resulting in sub-optimal decision-making. Vagal tone is an indicator of activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal node of the frontoparietal control network and is associated with functional connectivity between the frontoparietal control network and the default mode network. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess whether indicators of neural activity relevant to the processes outlined by the OLB model were related to outcomes hypothesized by the model. Methods: Cyber cadets (N = 36) enrolled in a 3-day cyber engineering exercise organized by the Norwegian Defense Cyber Academy participated in the study. Differences in prospective metacognitive judgments of cyber situational awareness, communication demands, and mood were compared between cyber cadets with high and low vagal tone. Vagal tone was measured at rest prior to the exercise. Affective states, communication demands, cyber situational awareness, and metacognitive accuracy were measured on each day of the exercise. Results: We found that cyber cadets with higher vagal tone had better metacognitive judgments of cyber situational awareness, imposed fewer communication demands on their teams, and had more neutral moods compared to cyber cadets with lower vagal tone. Conclusion: These findings provide neuroergonomic support for the OLB model and suggest that it may be useful in education and training. Future studies should assess the effect of OLB-ing as an intervention on communication and performance.

• Pirta-Dreimane, Rūta; Brilingaitė, Agnė; Majore, Ginta; Knox, Benjamin James; Lapin, Kristina & Parish, Karen [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Application of intervention mapping in cybersecurity education design. Frontiers in Education. ISSN 2504-284X. 7. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2022.998335. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen & Sütterlin, Stefan (2022). Prefrontally modulated vagal neuroimmunomodulation is associated with telomere length. Frontiers in Neuroscience. ISSN 1662-4548. 16. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1063162. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Firth, Andrea M.; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2022). The Effect of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Training on Vagal Tone in Athletically Talented Secondary School Students. Sports. ISSN 2075-4663. 10(10). doi: 10.3390/sports10100146. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study examines whether twelve sessions of heart rate variability biofeedback training would improve vagally mediated heart rate variability. If so, it would go some way in explaining why breathing based interventions reduces clinical symptoms and improves non-clinical performance outcomes. Methods: Thirty participants (N = 30, Nfemale = 13) aged 14–13-year-old talented athletes from a sport specialist school in SE London UK, were randomly divided into three groups, a control group, a psychology skills training combined with heart rate variability biofeedback training group, and a heart rate variability biofeedback only group. For the combined group a variety of typical psychological skill training techniques were also used. Results: Paired participant t test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test found non-significant differences between pre- and post-intervention measurements of SDNN, HF Log, pNN50 and RMSSD Log heart rate variability. Non-significant results remained even after pooling the biofeedback training groups (n = 19). Conclusion: Our results do not indicate that beneficial effects associated with focused breathing training can be attributed to improved vagal tone. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms of the benefits of focused breathing techniques is necessary to maximize clinical and non-clinical outcomes.

• Neyer, Sabrina E.; Witthöft, Michael; Cropley, Mark; Pawelzik, Markus; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2022). The cortisol awakening response at admission to hospital predicts depression severity after discharge in major depressive disorder patients—A replication study. Frontiers in Neuroscience. ISSN 1662-4548. 16. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.952903. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The cortisol awakening response is a non-invasive biomarker for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) dysregulation, reflecting accumulated stress over time. In a previous study we reported that a blunted CAR before an inpatient treatment predicted self-reported depressive symptoms six weeks and six months after discharge (XXXXXXXXX et al., 2019). This replication study adopted an improved overall methodology with more stringent assessment protocols and monitoring. The longitudinal design included 122 inpatients from a psychosomatic hospital with a diagnosis of Major Depression Disorder displaying symptoms of moderate to severe major depression (n=80 females). The Cortisol awakening response (CAR) was measured at intake. Depression severity was assessed as Beck Depression Inventory II scores at intake, discharge, six weeks and six months following discharge. Results from the original study were replicated in terms of effect size but did not reach statistical significance (correlation between BDI-II 6 months after discharge and AUCg: r=-.213; p=.054). The replication study yielded nearly identical correlation coefficients as in the original study (BDI-II 6 months and CAR, r=-.223, p<.05). The replication of previously reported effect sizes with a concurrent lack of statistical significance in the more restrictive, larger and better controlled replication study may well inform research on psycho-endocrinological predictors for treatment success, but suggests a rather limited practical relevance for cortisol awakening response measures in this clinical context.

• Børtveit, Line; Dechsling, Anders; Sütterlin, Stefan; Nordgreen, Tine & Nordahl-Hansen, Anders (2022). Guided Internet-Delivered Treatment for Depression: Scoping Review. JMIR Mental health. ISSN 2368-7959. 9(10), s. 1–24. doi: 10.2196/37342. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Canham, Matthew; Sütterlin, Stefan; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Glenister, Lauren & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2022). Ambiguous Self-Induced Disinformation (ASID) Attacks: Weaponizing a Cognitive Deficiency . Journal of Information Warfare. ISSN 1445-3312. 21(3), s. 43–58. doi: 10.31219/osf.io/2kbf9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Cropley, Mark; Weidenstedt, Linda; Leick, Birgit & Sütterlin, Stefan (2022). Working from home during lockdown: the association between rest breaks and well-being. Ergonomics. ISSN 0014-0139. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2095038. Vis sammendrag

  One of the challenges with working from home (WFH) is the question of its effect on health and well-being. The impact of home working on health, has so far not been studied extensively. We address this gap by investigating the association between internal recovery, operationalised as rest break frequency (low, medium, high) during the working day, on self-reported musculoskeletal pain, and post-work recovery symptoms in knowledge workers (n=382) WFH. The analysis showed that failing to take frequent breaks was associated with a dose response increased risk of reporting headaches. For post-work recovery symptoms, failing to take rest breaks throughout the day was associated with an increased risk of reporting psychological fatigue, physical fatigue and sleep problems, and a decreased risk of psychologically detaching from work and experiencing adequate rest. Our findings emphasize the importance of remote workers taking recovery breaks from work demands in the maintenance of health and well-being. Key words: Remote working, stress, recovery from work, rest breaks, musculoskeletal pain, well-being Practitioner Summary For the foreseeable future, many knowledge-workers will be obliged to work from home for at least, some days of the week. It is important for workers to learn to regulate their behaviour, and workers need to be educated about the value of taking regular rest breaks throughout the working day.

• Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Veng, Karl; Eck, Jonathan & Fritschi, Jonas [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The Role of IT Background for Metacognitive Accuracy, Confidence and Overestimation of Deep Fake Recognition Skills. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13310, s. 103–119. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-05457-0_9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schelhorn, Iris; Schlüter, Swantje; Paintner, Kerstin; Shiban, Youssef; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Meyer, Marie [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Emotions and emotion up-regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 17(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262283.
• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan & Knox, Benjamin James (2021). The Influence of Team Workload Demands During a Cyber Defense Exercise on Team Performance. Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS). ISSN 1865-0929. 1499, s. 545–549. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-90179-0_70. Vis sammendrag

  Research has shown that cyber defense is dependent on individual functioning as well as teamwork[1, 2]. Research has identified teamwork factors, such as communication and coordination, that increase performance [1, 3], while more supporting behaviours, i.e. emotional and team support, have shown to inhibit team performance [3, 4] but currently the understanding of impact workloads have on performance is still limited [4]. The study investigated the role of team workload demands on team performance (effectiveness, dissatisfaction). Methods Data was collected during the Norwegian Defense Cyber Academy’s annual Cyber Defense Exercise. The Team Workload Questionnaire[5] was used as the independent variable to assess workload demands. The Teamwork component (communication, coordination, team performance monitoring) and Task-Team component (time-share, team emotion, team support) were used as predictors. For performance outcomes, two self-reported items were created, Team Effectiveness and Team Dissatisfaction, on a 10-point Likert scale (none-very). The study conformed to the Norwegian Social Science Data Services’ ethical guidelines. Participants gave their informed consent verbally and were informed that they could withdraw from participation at any time. Statistical analysis was done with JASP version .14.1[6]. Alpha levels were set to .05.   Results Teamwork demands (communication (β=.608), coordination (β =.224), team performance monitoring (β =-.149) could predict Team Effectiveness (R2=.632, F=5.16, p=.024). Task-team workload demands (team support (β =.328), team emotion (β=.878), time-share demands (β =-.196)) could predict Team Dissatisfaction (R2=.853, F=17.36, p<.001). Discussion This study investigated the influence of team workload demands on team performance. Results support the hypotheses. Teamwork demands could predict team effectiveness while Task-team demands could predict more negative aspects of team performance and the results are in line with previous research [3, 4, 7]. Future research in cyber security operations should incorporate team workload demands to assess performance. This research is funded by the Norwegian Research Council (#302941).

• Domarkiene, Ingrida; Ambrozaitytė, Laima; Bukauskas, Linas; Rančelis, Tautvydas; Sütterlin, Stefan & Knox, Benjamin James [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Cybergenomics: Application of behavioral genetics in cybersecurity. Behavioral Sciences. ISSN 2076-328X. 11:152. doi: 10.3390/bs11110152. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dechsling, Anders; Orm, Stian; Kalandadze, Tamara; Sütterlin, Stefan; Øien, Roald A & Shic, Frederick [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Virtual and augmented reality in social skills interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. ISSN 0162-3257. s. 1–16. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05338-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schelhorn, Iris; Ecker, Angelika; Lüdtke, Michael N.; Rehm, Stefan; Tran, Thomy & Bereznai, Judith L. [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Psychological burden during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 12:640518, s. 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.640518. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2021). Situational States Influence on Team Workload Demands in Cyber Defense Exercise. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13096, s. 3–20. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-90328-2_1.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan (2021). Human-Human Communication in Cyber Threat Situations: A Systematic Review. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13096. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-90328-2_2.
• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Hjelmeland, Inger; Hansen, Mette Tindvik; Haug, Erna; Sütterlin, Stefan & Grønlien, Heidi Kristine (2021). Impact of initial emotional states and self-efficacy changes on nursing students’ practical skills performance in simulation-based education. Nursing Reports. ISSN 2039-439X. 11(2), s. 267–278. doi: 10.3390/nursrep11020026. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Neyer, Sabrina E.; Witthöft, Michael; Cropley, Mark; Pawelzik, Markus; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Sütterlin, Stefan (2021). Reduction of depressive symptoms during inpatient treatment is not associated with changes in heart rate variability. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 16(3). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248686. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) is a psychophysiological indicator of mental and physical health. Limited research suggests there is reduced vagal activity and resulting lower HRV in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); however little is actually known about the association between HRV and symptoms of depression and whether the association mirrors symptom improvement following psychotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between antidepressant therapy, symptom change and HRV in 50 inpatients (68% females; 17–68 years) with a diagnosis of MDD. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed by self-report (Beck Depression Inventory II) and the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression. Measures of vagally mediated HRV (root mean square of successive differences and high-frequency) were assessed at multiple measurement points before and after inpatient psychotherapeutic and psychiatric treatment. Results showed an expected negative correlation between HRV and depressive symptoms at intake. Depressive symptoms improved (d = 0.84) without corresponding change in HRV, demonstrating a de-coupling between this psychophysiological indicator and symptom severity. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine an association between HRV and depressive symptoms before and after psychotherapy. The observed de-coupling of depression and HRV, and its methodological implications for future research are discussed.

• Dechsling, Anders; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Halvorsen, Lars Rune (2021). A Critical View of the National Student Survey as a Quality Indicator in Norwegian Higher Education. Nordisk tidsskrift for pedagogikk og kritikk. ISSN 2387-5739. 7, s. 362–375. doi: 10.23865/ntpk.v7.2306. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Student surveys are an integral part of quality assessment in the education sector and play a vital role in the justification of policies and decisions on governmental, institutional and individual levels. Each year in Norway a governmental agency for quality assurance in education conducts a national survey inviting all registered second year bachelor’s and master’s students to provide online feedback on their perceived study quality. We discuss the limits of the results' interpretability in the light of previous research criticising the validity of student surveys for the assessment of educational quality in general and discuss in more detail the limitations in the chosen Norwegian example. This article aims to increase the awareness of these challenges and stimulate a science-based development of alternative assessment forms of educational quality. The relationship between the educational sector's core activity and the survey's focus is discussed; suggestions for paths to improvement are made. We argue further that the nationwide assessment lays bare the conceptual deficits that may be of equally high importance for educational system evaluations in other countries.

• Dechsling, Anders; Shic, Frederick; Zhang, Dajie; Marschik, Peter B.; Esposito, Gianluca & Orm, Stian [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Virtual reality and naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities. ISSN 0891-4222. 111:103885, s. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103885. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mäses, Sten; Maennel, Olaf & Sütterlin, Stefan (2021). Using competency mapping for skill assessment in an introductory cybersecurity course. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. ISSN 2194-5357. 1329, s. 572–583. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-68201-9_56.
• Maennel, Kaie; Kivimägi, Kristian; Maennel, Olaf; Sütterlin, Stefan & Ernits, Margus (2021). Remote Technical Labs: An Innovative and Scalable Component for University Cybersecurity Program Admission. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. ISSN 2194-5357. 1329, s. 521–533. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-68201-9_51.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Maennel, Kaie; Canham, Matthew & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2021). On the relationship between health sectors digitalization and sustainable health goals: A cyber security perspective. I Flahault, Antoine (Red.), Transitioning to Good Health and Well-Being. MDPI. ISSN 978-3-03897-864-0.
• Rost, Silke; Crombez, Geert; Sütterlin, Stefan; Vögele, Claus; Veirman, Elke & Van Ryckeghem, Dimitri (2020). Altered regulation of negative affect in patients with fibromyalgia: A diary study. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 25, s. 714–724. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1706. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eikeseth, Fillip Ferreira; Sætren, Sjur Skjørshammer; Benjamin, Silje Beatrice Rognås; Eikenæs, Ingeborg Helene Ulltveit-Moe; Sütterlin, Stefan & Hummelen, Benjamin (2020). The test-retest reliability of heart rate variability and its association with personality functioning. Frontiers in Psychiatry. ISSN 1664-0640. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.558145.
• Egner, Lars Even; Sütterlin, Stefan & Calogiuri, Giovanna (2020). Proposing a Framework for the Restorative Effects of Nature through Conditioning: Conditioned Restoration Theory. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 17(18). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186792. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Natural environments have been shown to trigger psychological and physiological restoration in humans. A new framework regarding natural environments restorative properties is proposed. Conditioned restoration theory builds on a classical conditioning paradigm, postulating the occurrence of four stages: (i) unconditioned restoration, unconditioned positive affective responses reliably occur in a given environment (such as in a natural setting); (ii) restorative conditioning, the positive affective responses become conditioned to the environment; (iii) conditioned restoration, subsequent exposure to the environment, in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, retrieves the same positive affective responses; and (iv) stimulus generalization, subsequent exposure to associated environmental cues retrieves the same positive affective responses. The process, hypothetically not unique to natural environments, involve the well-documented phenomenon of conditioning, retrieval, and association and relies on evaluative conditioning, classical conditioning, core affect, and conscious expectancy. Empirical findings showing that restoration can occur in non-natural environments and through various sensory stimuli, as well as findings demonstrating that previous negative experience with nature can subsequently lower restorative effects, are also presented in support of the theory. In integration with other existing theories, the theory should prove to be a valuable framework for future research.

• Bräscher, Anne-Kathrin; Sütterlin, Stefan; Scheuren, Raymonde; Van den Bergh, Omer & Witthöft, Michael (2020). Somatic Symptom Perception From a Predictive Processing Perspective – An Empirical Test Using the Thermal Grill Illusion. Psychosomatic Medicine. ISSN 0033-3174. 82(7), s. 708–714. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000824. Vis sammendrag

  Objective: In a predictive processing perspective, symptom perceptions result from an integration of preexisting information in memory with sensory input. Physical symptoms can therefore reflect the relative predominance of either sensory input or preexisting information. In this study, we used the thermal grill illusion (TGI), which applies interlaced warm and cool temperatures to the skin to create a paradoxical heat-pain experience. Assuming that the TGI compared with single-temperature stimulation relies more importantly on an active integration process of the brain to create this paradoxical sensation, we tested the hypothesis whether a manipulation of the expectations during TGI would have more impact than during single-temperature stimulation. Methods: Sixty-four participants received different temperature combinations (16/16°C, 40/40°C, 16/40°C) with neutral, positive (“placebo”), and negative (“nocebo”) instructions. Subjective stimulus intensity was rated, and neuroticism and absorption (openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences) served as potential moderating factors. Results: The TGI condition was rated highest. Overall, negative instructions increased (p < .001, d = 0.58), whereas positive instructions did not significantly change the TGI intensity perception (versus neutral; p = .144, d = 0.19). In the TGI condition, increasedmodulation of pain was observed with higher neuroticism (β = 0.33, p = .005) and absorption (β = 0.30, p = .010). Conclusions: Whereas negative instructions induced a nocebo effect, no placebo effect emerged after positive instructions. The findings are in line with the predictive processing model of symptom perception for participants with higher levels of neuroticism and absorption. Key words: thermal grill illusion of pain, predictive coding, expectation, thermal stimulation, nocebo effect.

• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James; Jøsok, Øyvind & Sütterlin, Stefan (2020). Variable Self-efficacy as a Measurement for Behaviors in Cyber Security Operations. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12197, s. 395–404. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50439-7_27.
• Nordahl-Hansen, Anders; Dechsling, Anders; Sütterlin, Stefan; Børtveit, Line; Zhang, Dajie & Øien, Roald A [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). An Overview of Virtual Reality Interventions for two Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Intellectual Disabilities and Autism. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12197, s. 257–267. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50439-7_17.
• Dechsling, Anders; Sütterlin, Stefan & Nordahl-Hansen, Anders (2020). Acceptability and normative considerations in research on Autism Spectrum Disorders and Virtual Reality. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12197, s. 161–170. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50439-7_11.
• Maennel, Kaie; Mäses, Sten; Sütterlin, Stefan; Ernits, Margus & Maennel, Olaf (2019). Using technical cybersecurity exercises in university admissions and skill evaluation. IFAC-PapersOnLine. ISSN 2405-8963. 52(19), s. 169–174. doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.12.169.
• Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Sütterlin, Stefan (2019). Cognisance as a human factor in military cyber defence education. IFAC-PapersOnLine. ISSN 2405-8963. 52(19), s. 163–168. doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.12.168. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Cyber Defence Exercises (CDX) are common training and learning tools. A recently discussed challenge in cyber defence teaching and training is the gap between the fast technological advancement accompanied by rapidly changing demands on future cyber defence operators, and the lack of science-based teaching and training methods. A growing body of evidence suggests a crucial role of human factors as a central predictor for human performance in sociotechnical systems. While this has been acknowledged in a wide range of safety-critical applied fields, there is still a lack of knowledge about the impact of human factors on cyber defence performance. The lack of conventional metrics of performance and learning progress contribute to this deficit. To address this gap, the Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy (NDCA) follows a science-based educational approach that identified in a series of empirical studies cognitive-psychological predictors for learning success of future cyber defence operators. These predictors and elements of a human factors research program are deeply embedded into educational practice and include processes such as metacognition, self-regulation, coping, communication and shared mental modelling. Slow education methods and mentoring are fundamental to enabling the advancement of human factors cognisance among military cyber cadets. As a tool for efficient training, the NDCA developed and implemented a mentoring concept that involves a cyber defence retrospective timeline analysis involving expert and practitioner level mentors. The timeline differentiates between performance relevant hard-and soft-skills and leads progressively towards an alignment of Security Operation Centre (SOC)-and expert judgments of performance. The NDCA argues that this educational concept facilitates educational benefits based on insight, accurate self-perception, motivation and decreased team workloads following more efficient collaboration.

• Firth, Andrea; Cavallini, Ingvild; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo (2019). Mindfulness and self-efficacy in pain perception, stress and academic performance. The influence of mindfulness on cognitive processes. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. ISSN 1179-1578. 12, s. 565–574. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S206666. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: This study seeks to understand the mediating effects of mindfulness on selfefficacy, academic performance and ability to cope with pain. It further examines the effect of mindfulness on the capacity to cope with pain-induced stress. Whilst there are physiological changes which occur due to mindfulness, it is still not clearly understood how the mechanisms behind mindfulness work or whether the role of self-efficacy is an agent of mindfulness which may impact on performance and stress coping. Participants and methods: A three-part study (n=92) was conducted to test the relationship between mindfulness, self-efficacy and well-being factors, alongside academic performance in university students. Part one involved data collection one month prior to an experiment where trait scores for all factors were used to check pain and well-being behaviors. Part two consisted of participant randomization into three intervention groups(control, sham, mindfulness) and then an exposure to a fear induction task followed by cognitive tasks. The third part consisted of investigating the effect of a short mindfulness intervention on self-efficacy, pain and well-being in students. Results: The results indicate that self-efficacy had a positive effect on well-being factor (study 1 & 3) and in the experiment (study 2). Conclusion: Self-efficacy influenced pain intensity and pain unpleasantness and significantly predicted academic performance. Mindfulness had mixed results in how it influenced self-efficacy. While it influenced well-being and lowered stress (study 1 & 2) in the long term, the mindfulness intervention significantly decreased self efficacy.

• Bjørhei, Andreas; Pedersen, Filip T.; Muhammad, Saeed; Tronstad, Christian; Kalvøy, Håvard & Wojniusz, Slawomir [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). An investigation on bilateral asymmetry in electrodermal activity. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. ISSN 1662-5153. 13(88). doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00088. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Firth, Andrea; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2019). Using Cognitive Behavioural Techniques to Improve Academic Achievement in Student-Athletes. Education Sciences. ISSN 2227-7102. 9(2). doi: 10.3390/educsci9020089. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract: Improving academic grades within the core areas of English, Science and Mathematics has had a lot of previous research interest, but research has tended to mostly focus on students who are failing, non-athletically talented students or student athletes at collegiate level. The particular needs of athletically talented secondary school students who are academically underperforming have so far been neglected. This study addressed this issue by measuring the outcome of academic grades in these three core areas. Method: During a six week intervention programme, ninety four students were separated into 4 groups: control, heart rate variability biofeedback, performance psychology skills training and a combination of these two interventions. Changes in self-efficacy and self-regulation for all students were also measured. Results: Significant pre–post intervention differences in all academic subjects and generalised self-efficacy were found when compared to the control group. Results also showed that a combination of interventions with medium–large effect size was more effective in improving academic results than the single interventions on their own. All interventions improved self-efficacy, but were not significantly different from each other. Self-efficacy was found not to have any interaction effects. Conclusion: Sport psychological skills training can help student-athletes achieve higher scholastic grades and aid mindfulness intervention. Mindfulness on its own was not found to be the most effective intervention, and as such should be used as an adjunct to other psychological methods. Psychological skills training (PST) may help students generalize approaches used in sport to the academic arena.

• Ask, Thorvald Fossåen; Ranjitkar, Suman; Ulak, Manjeswori; Chandyo, Ram Krishna; Hysing, Mari & Strand, Tor A [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). The association between heart rate variability and neurocognitive and socio-emotional development in nepalese infants. Frontiers in Neuroscience. ISSN 1662-4548. 13, s. 1–10. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00411. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jøsok, Øyvind; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James; Sütterlin, Stefan & Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana (2019). Self-regulation and cognitive agility in cyber operations. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 10(875). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00875. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Firth-Clark, Andrea; Knox, Benjamin James; Jøsok, Øyvind; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana & Sütterlin, Stefan (2019). Cognitive Profiles and Education of Female Cyber Defence Operators. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 11580 LNAI, s. 563–572. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-22419-6_40. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana & Sütterlin, Stefan (2019). Slow Education and Cognitive Agility: Improving Military Cyber Cadet Cognitive Performance for Better Governance of Cyberpower . International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism (IJCWT). ISSN 1947-3435. 9(1), s. 48–66. doi: 10.4018/IJCWT.2019010104. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sætren, Sjur Skjørshammer; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Prince-Embury, Sandra & Makransky, Guido (2019). A Multilevel Investigation of Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents: The Relationships Between Self-Perceived Emotion Regulation, Vagally Mediated Heart Rate Variability, and Personal Factors Associated with Resilience . Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 10(438), s. 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00438. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Plans, David; Morelli, Davide; Sütterlin, Stefan; Ollis, Lucie; Derbyshire, Georgia & Cropley, Mark (2019). Use of a Biofeedback Breathing App to Augment Poststress Physiological Recovery: Randomized Pilot Study. JMIR Formative Research. ISSN 2561-326X. 3(1). doi: 10.2196/12227. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eikeseth, Fillip Ferreira; Denninghaus, Sabrina; Cropley, Mark; Witthöft, Michael; Pawelzik, Markus & Sütterlin, Stefan (2019). The cortisol awakening response at admission to hospital predicts depression severity after discharge in MDD patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research. ISSN 0022-3956. 111, s. 44–50. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.002.
• Vervoort, Tine; Karos, Kai; Johnson, Dan; Sütterlin, Stefan & Van Ryckeghem, Dimitri (2018). Parental emotion and pain control behaviour when faced with child’s pain: the emotion regulatory role of parental pain-related attention-set shifting and heart rate variability. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 160(2), s. 322–333. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001402. Vis sammendrag

  This study investigated the moderating role of parental pain-related attention-set shifting and heart rate variability (HRV) for parental distress and pain control behaviour when faced with their child's pain. Participants were 54 schoolchildren and one of their parents. Parental HRV was assessed at study commencement followed by a cued-switching task indexing parental ability to flexibly shift attention between pain-related and neutral attentional sets. In a subsequent phase, parents observed their child perform a cold-pressor task [CPT], allowing for assessment of parental pain control behavior (indexed by latency to stop their child's CPT performance) and parental distress—assessed through self-report following observation of child CPT performance. Findings indicated that parental facilitated attentional shifting (ie, engage) towards a pain-related attentional set contributed to higher levels of pain control behaviour when faced with increasing levels of child facial display of pain. Pain control behaviour among parents who demonstrated impeded attentional shifting to a pain-related attentional set was equally pronounced regardless of low or high levels of child pain expression. Parental ability to shift attention away (ie, disengage) from a pain-related set to a neutral set did not impact findings. Results further indicated that although high levels of parental HRV buffer the impact of child facial pain display on parental emotional distress and pain control behaviour, low levels of HRV constitute a risk factor for higher levels of parental distress and pain control behaviour when faced with increased child facial pain display. Theoretical/clinical implications and further research directions are discussed.

• Ask, Thorvald Fossåen; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Sütterlin, Stefan (2018). The Neuro-Immuno-Senescence Integrative Model (NISIM) on the Negative Association Between Parasympathetic Activity and Cellular Senescence. Frontiers in Neuroscience. ISSN 1662-4548. 12, s. 1–24. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00726. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  There is evidence that accumulated senescent cells drive age-related pathologies, but the antecedents to the cellular stressors that induce senescence remain poorly understood. Previous research suggests that there is a relationship between shorter telomere length, an antecedent to cellular senescence, and psychological stress. Existing models do not sufficiently account for the specific pathways from which psychological stress regulation is converted into production of reactive oxygen species. We propose the neuro-immuno-senescence integrative model (NISIM) suggesting how vagally mediated heart rate variability might be related to cellular senescence. Prefrontally modulated, and vagally mediated cortical influences on the autonomic nervous system, expressed as heart rate variability, affects the immune system by adrenergic stimulation and cholinergic inhibition of cytokine production in macrophages and neutrophils. Previous findings indicate that low heart rate variability is associated with increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. IL-6 and TNF-α can activate the NFκB pathway, increasing production of reactive oxygen species that can cause DNA damage. Vagally mediated heart rate variability has been related to an individual’s ability to regulate stress, and is lower in people with shorter telomeres. Based on these previous findings, the NISIM suggest that the main pathway from psychological stress to individual differences in oxidative telomere damage originates in the neuroanatomical components that modulate heart rate variability, and culminates in the cytokine-induced activation of NFκB. Accumulated senescent cells in the brain is hypothesized to promote age-related neurodegenerative disease, and previous reports suggest an association between low heart rate variability and onset of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Accumulating senescent cells in peripheral tissues secreting senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors can alter tissue structure and function which can induce cancer and promote tumor growth and metastasis in old age, and previous research suggested that ability to regulate psychological stress has a negative association with cancer onset. We therefore conclude that the NISIM can account for a large proportion of the individual differences in the psychological stress-related antecedents to cellular senescence, and suggest that it can be useful in providing a dynamic framework for understanding the pathways by which psychological stress induce pathologies in old age.

• Meessen, Judith; Sütterlin, Stefan; Gauggel, Siegfried & Forkmann, Thomas (2018). Learning by heart—the relationship between resting vagal tone and metacognitive judgments: a pilot study. Cognitive Processing. ISSN 1612-4782. 19, s. 557–561. doi: 10.1007/s10339-018-0865-6.
• Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Sütterlin, Stefan & Jøsok, Øyvind (2018). Education for Cognitive Agility: Improved Understanding and Governance of Cyberpower. Proceedings of the ... European conference on information warfare and security. ISSN 2048-8602. 2018-June, s. 541–550. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Knox, Benjamin James; Jøsok, Øyvind; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Khooshabeh, Peter; Ødegaard, Terje & Lugo, Ricardo [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Socio-technical communication: The Hybrid Space and the OLB-Model for science-based cyber education . Military Psychology. ISSN 0899-5605. 30(4), s. 350–359. doi: 10.1080/08995605.2018.1478546. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Poless, Pauline Georgees; Torstveit, Linda; Lugo, Ricardo; Andreassen, Marita & Sütterlin, Stefan (2018). Guilt and proneness to shame: Unethical behaviour in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. Europe's Journal of Psychology. ISSN 1841-0413. 14(1), s. 28–43. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v14i1.1355. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lugo, Ricardo; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Knox, Benjamin James; Jøsok, Øyvind; Lande, Natalie Marie & Sütterlin, Stefan (2018). Interoceptive sensitivity as a proxy for emotional intensity and its relationship with perseverative cognition. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. ISSN 1179-1578. 11, s. 1–8. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S139790. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Technical advancement in military cyber defense poses increased cognitive demands on cyber officers. In the cyber domain, the influence of emotion on decision-making is rarely investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess psychophysiological correlation with perseverative cognitions during emotionally intensive/stressful situations in cyber military personnel. In line with parallel research on clinical samples high on perseverative cognition, we expected a decreased interoceptive sensitivity in officers with high levels of perseverative cognition.

• Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Knox, Benjamin James; Jøsok, Øyvind; Lugo, Ricardo; Sütterlin, Stefan & Dyrkolbotn, Geir Olav [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Supporting the Human in Cyber Defence. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 10683, s. 147–162. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-72817-9_10.
• De Rubeis, Jannika; Lugo, Ricardo; Witthöft, Michael; Sütterlin, Stefan; Pawelzik, Markus R. & Vögele, Claus (2017). Rejection sensitivity as a vulnerability marker for depressive symptom deterioration in men. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 12(10), s. 1–11. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185802. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jøsok, Øyvind; Knox, Benjamin James; Helkala, Kirsi; Wilson, Kyle; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Macrocognition Applied to the Hybrid Space: Team Environment, Functions and Processes in Cyber Operations. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 10285, s. 486–500. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-58625-0_35. Vis sammendrag

  As cyber is increasingly integrated into military operations, conducting military cyber operations requires the effective coordination of teams. This interdisciplinary contribution discusses teams working in, and in relation to the cyber domain as a part of a larger socio-technical system, and the need for a better understanding of the human factors that contribute to individual and team performance in such settings. To extend an existing macrocognitive model [19] describing functions and processes into a conceptual framework that maps cognitive processes along cyber-physical and tactical-strategic dimensions (the Hybrid Space; [4]) to gain a better understanding of environmental complexity, and how to operate effectively in a cyber team context. Current experience from conducting cyber network defence exercises at the Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy and implications for future education and training are discussed.

• Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo; Jøsok, Øyvind; Helkala, Kirsi & Sütterlin, Stefan (2017). Towards a Cognitive Agility Index: The Role of Metacognition in Human Computer Interaction. Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS). ISSN 1865-0929. 713, s. 330–338. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-58750-9_46.
• Pedersen, Siv Kristin Aas; Andersen, Per Normann; Lugo, Ricardo; Andreassen, Marita & Sütterlin, Stefan (2017). Effects of music on agitation in dementia: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 8(MAY). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00742. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• De Witte, Nele A.J.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Braet, Caroline & Mueller, Sven C. (2017). Psychophysiological correlates of emotion regulation training in adolescent anxiety: Evidence from the novel PIER task . Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. 214, s. 89–96. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.012. Vis sammendrag

  Anxiety disorders are the leading cause of mental illness in adolescence. While anxious adolescents show impairments in emotion processing and deficits in emotion regulation, few studies have attempted to improve emotion regulation within these populations. Method: This study used a multi-method design to test a newly developed emotion regulation training aimed at improving insight into emotions and instructing cognitive reappraisal. The efficacy of cognitive reappraisal was investigated in 27 clinically anxious youth (Age: M=12.36, SD=2.59) and 43 healthy controls (Age: M=13.07, SD=2.19) using psychophysiological measures. Specifically, heart rate variability, pupil dilation, and visual fixations were recorded while youth had to up- or downregulate their emotions in response to affective pictures in the Psychophysiological Indicators of Emotion Regulation (PIER) task. Results: The novel training effectively improved self-reported emotion regulation and momentary anxiety in both groups. Moreover, initial group differences in emotional reactivity mostly disappeared when participants were instructed to apply emotion regulation in the task. However, pupil dilation data suggested that participants with anxiety disorders required more cognitive resources for the upregulation of negative affect to counteract this effect. Limitations: The relatively small sample size and large age range could hamper detection of additional group differences that may exist. Conclusions: The current study provides evidence that anxious youth can apply cognitive reappraisal to a similar extent as healthy adolescents after emotion regulation training but may need to exert more effort to do so. This training could be a valuable addition to current treatment programs.

• Craig, Lydia; Meyers-Manor, Julia E.; Anders, Kate; Sütterlin, Stefan & Miller, Holly (2017). The Relationship Between Heart Rate Variability and Canine Aggression. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. ISSN 0168-1591. 188, s. 59–67. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.12.015. Vis sammendrag

  Dog aggression affects many, with nearly 5 million dog bites reported yearly in the United States alone. Dog bites inflict considerable physical, emotional, and monetary costs annually (American Humane Association, 2014). One physiological measure that might serve as an index of aggression in dogs is heart rate variability (HRV). HRV refers to the vagally mediated beat-to-beat change in heart rate. Low HRV has been associated with impaired emotional and behavioral regulation and stress in both humans and animals. To assess whether this measure corresponds with aggression in dogs, the present study measured resting HRV in dogs with and without bite histories. It was observed that dogs with bite histories had significantly lower HRV (p = 0.024), and that owner reported aggression negatively correlated with HRV (p = 0.009). Dogs with a history of biting show poorer autonomic regulation as evidenced by their lower HRV. Knowing this information can help us to target dogs that may be at risk for biting and to devise and test treatments for dogs to improve behavioral and autonomic regulation.

• Cropley, Mark; Plans, David; Morelli, David; Sütterlin, Stefan; Inceoglu, Ilke & Thomas, Geoff [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). The Association between Work-related Rumination and Heart Rate Variability: a Field Study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. ISSN 1662-5161. 11(27). doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00027. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lugo, Ricardo; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Jøsok, Øyvind; Helkala, Kirsi & Lande, Natalie Marie (2017). The moderating influence of self-efficacy on interoceptive ability and counterintuitive decision making in officer cadets. Journal of Military Studies. ISSN 2242-3524. doi: 10.1515/jms-2016-0005. Vis sammendrag

  The rapid technical progress in cyber threats and cyber security poses increased cognitive demands on cyber officers. The macrocognitive demand characteristics placed on the cyber officers exceed those in most common military contexts and are new in nature. Research on decision-making competence within the cyber domain is needed to identify strategies and give a better understanding of how these strategies can have consequences depending on task characteristics. Belief in one’s capabilities to handle a certain task has been shown to be a key factor for cognitive performance. This study investigated how high self-efficacy negatively moderated intuitive decision-making tendencies on performance when facing a problem that required counterintuitive strategies. Twenty-seven cyber officer cadets from the Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy participated in an experiment assessing self-efficacy, interoceptive sensitivity, and decision-making. Participants with high situational self-efficacy generally performed better, but this relationship was moderated by interoceptive sensitivity. The findings suggest potential detrimental effects of intuitive decision-making tendencies in combination with high self-efficacy. Implications for training and feedback structures in cyber defense are discussed.

• Scheuren, Raymonde; Sütterlin, Stefan & Anton, Fernand (2017). Vagally Mediated Heart Rate Variability Promotes the Perception of Paradoxical Pain. Journal of Psychophysiology. ISSN 0269-8803. 31(3), s. 134–144. doi: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000175. Vis sammendrag

  Self-regulation mechanisms are governed by prefrontal inhibitory processes and play a crucial role in the modulation of pain. In the present study the thermal grill paradigm was used to investigate the association of vagally mediated resting heart rate variability, a psychophysiological marker of trait self-regulatory capacity, with paradoxical pain sensations induced by non-noxious stimulation. This thermal grill illusion is only perceived by part of the tested individuals. The mechanisms underlying the observed interindividual differences in paradoxical pain sensitivity are largely unknown. During the experimental task, a temperature combination of 15 °C and 41 °C was set at the glass tubes of the thermal grill. The 52 healthy participants placed their dominant hand on the grill for a duration of one min. The magnitude of sensory and affective pain sensations perceived during stimulation was assessed with numerical rating scales. Before stimulation, a short-term electrocardiogram was recorded to compute vagally mediated heart rate variability at rest. Logistic regression analyses revealed that participants with higher vagal tone were significantly more likely to perceive the thermal grill illusion than subjects displaying lower resting heart rate variability. Paradoxical pain sensations were primarily predicted by normalized respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Our results confirm that the magnitude of vagally mediated resting heart rate variability is associated with the individual disposition to illusive pain perceptions. Since the latter is considered to be a marker of trait self-regulation ability, the present findings may corroborate and complement previous evidence for an impact of psychological characteristics on paradoxical pain sensitivity.

• Egner, Lars; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo (2016). Prevalence of two-syllable digits affecting forward digit span test score: a potential reliability factor in digit span tests and new light to the word length effect. Sage Open. ISSN 2158-2440. 6(4), s. 1–6. doi: 10.1177/2158244016681825.
• De Witte, Nele A.J.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Braet, Caroline & Mueller, Sven C. (2016). Getting to the Heart of Emotion Regulation in Youth: The Role of Interoceptive Sensitivity, Heart Rate Variability, and Parental Psychopathology. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11:e0164615(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164615.
• Steinmetz, Jean-Paul; Vögele, Claus; Theisen-Flies, Christiane; Federspiel, Carine & Sütterlin, Stefan (2016). The relationship between emotion regulation capacity, heart rate variability, and quality of life in individuals with alcohol-related brain damage. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. ISSN 1179-1578. 9, s. 219–235. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S108322.
• Wojniusz, Slawomir; Callens, Nina; Sütterlin, Stefan; Andersson, Stein; De Schepper, Jean & Gies, Inge [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Cognitive, Emotional, and Psychosocial Functioning of Girls Treated with Pharmacological Puberty Blockage for Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 7. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01053. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Central precocious puberty (CPP) develops due to premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, resulting in early pubertal changes and rapid bone maturation. CPP is associated with lower adult height and increased risk for development of psychological problems. Standard treatment of CPP is based on postponement of pubertal development by blockade of the HPG axis with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) leading to abolition of gonadal sex hormones synthesis. Whereas the hormonal and auxological effects of GnRHa are well-researched, there is a lack of knowledge whether GnRHa treatment influences psychological functioning of treated children, despite the fact that prevention of psychological problems is used as one of the main reasons for treatment initiation. In the present study we seek to address this issue by exploring differences in cognitive function, behavior, emotional reactivity, and psychosocial problems between GnRHa treated CPP girls and age-matched controls. Fifteen girls with idiopathic CPP; median age 10.4 years, treated with slow-release GnRHa (triptorelin acetate—Decapeptyl SR® 11.25) and 15 age-matched controls, were assessed with a comprehensive test battery consisting of paper and pencil tests, computerized tasks, behavioral paradigms, heart rate variability, and questionnaires filled in by the children's parents. Both groups showed very similar scores with regard to cognitive performance, behavioral and psychosocial problems. Compared to controls, treated girls displayed significantly higher emotional reactivity (p = 0.016; Cohen's d = 1.04) on one of the two emotional reactivity task conditions. Unexpectedly, the CPP group showed significantly lower resting heart rates than the controls (p = 0.004; Cohen's d = 1.03); lower heart rate was associated with longer treatment duration (r = −0.582, p = 0.037). The results suggest that GnRHa treated CPP girls do not differ in their cognitive or psychosocial functioning from age matched controls. However, they might process emotional stimuli differently. The unexpected finding of lower heart rate that was associated with longer duration of the treatment should be further explored by methods appropriate for assessment of cardiac health.

• Jøsok, Øyvind; Knox, Benjamin James; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Lugo, Ricardo; Sütterlin, Stefan & Ward, Paul (2016). Exploring the Hybrid Space : Theoretical Framework Applying Cognitive Science in Military Cyberspace Operations. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 9744, s. 178–188. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-39952-2_18. Vis sammendrag

  Abstract. Operations in cyberspace are enabled by a digitized battlefield. The ability to control operations in cyberspace has become a central goal for defence forces. As a result, terms like cyber power, cyberspace operations and cyber deterrence have begun to emerge in military literature in an effort to describe and highlight the importance of related activities. Future military personnel, in all branches, will encounter the raised complexity of joint military operations with cyber as the key enabler. The constant change and complexity raises the demands for the structure and content of education and training. This interdisciplinary contribution discusses the need for a better understanding of the relationships between cyberspace and the physical domain, the cognitive challenges this repre‐ sents, and proposes a theoretical framework - the Hybrid Space - allowing for the application of psychological concepts in assessment, training and action

• Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Knox, Benjamin James; Jøsok, Øyvind; Lugo, Ricardo & Sütterlin, Stefan (2016). How Coping Strategies Influence Cyber Task Performance in the Hybrid Space. Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS). ISSN 1865-0929. 617, s. 192–196. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-40548-3_32.
• Torstveit, Linda; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo (2016). Empathy, guilt proneness, and gender: Relative contributions to prosocial behaviour. Europe's Journal of Psychology. ISSN 1841-0413. 12(2), s. 260–270. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v12i2.1097. Vis sammendrag

  Guilt is a moral emotion that is often looked upon as a negative trait. However, studies show that some individuals are more predisposed to think, feel and act in a more ethical manner because of a lower threshold to experience guilt. Some theories of helping behaviour emphasize the evolutionary mechanisms, while other theories stress the importance of social variables. This study investigated whether guilt proneness as a dispositional trait can be associated with prosocial behaviour. Five hundred sixty-nine participants reported in an online survey their own levels of guilt proneness, frequency of prosocial behaviour, and related cognitions such as empathy. This study is among the first to demonstrate how guilt proneness combined with empathy can explain additional variance in prosocial behaviour. The findings also indicate gender differences in the precursors of prosocial behaviour, suggesting women are more influenced by the effects of guilt proneness on prosocial behaviour than men.

• Rost, Silke; Ryckeghem, Dimitri M.L. Van; Koval, Peter; Sütterlin, Stefan; Vögele, Claus & Crombez, Geert (2016). Affective Instability In Patients With Chronic Pain: A Diary Approach. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 157(8), s. 1783–1790. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000582.
• Meessen, Judith; Mainz, Verena; Gauggel, Siegfried; Volz-Sidiropoulou, Eftychia; Sütterlin, Stefan & Forkmann, Thomas (2016). The relationship between interoception and metacognition: a pilot study. Journal of Psychophysiology. ISSN 0269-8803. 30(2), s. 76–86. doi: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000157. Vis sammendrag

  Recently, Garfinkel and Critchley (2013) proposed to distinguish between three facets of interoception: interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness. This pilot study investigated how these facets interrelate to each other and whether interoceptive awareness is related to the metacognitive awareness of memory performance. A sample of 24 healthy students completed a heartbeat perception task (HPT) and a memory task. Judgments of confidence were requested for each task. Participants filled in questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility, depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic characteristics. The three facets of interoception were found to be uncorrelated and interoceptive awareness was not related to metacognitive awareness of memory performance. Whereas memory performance was significantly related to metamemory awareness, interoceptive accuracy (HPT) and interoceptive awareness were not correlated. Results suggest that future research on interoception should assess all facets of interoception in order to capture the multifaceted quality of the construct.

• Scheuren, Raymonde; Duschek, Stefan; Schulz, André; Sütterlin, Stefan & Anton, Fernand (2016). Blood pressure and the perception of illusive pain. Psychophysiology. ISSN 0048-5772. 53(8), s. 1282–1291. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12658. Vis sammendrag

  Numerous studies have documented an inverse relationship between blood pressure and sensitivity to experimental nociceptive stimulation. The present study aimed to investigate possible associations between blood pressure and the occurrence and intensity of paradoxical pain induced by the thermal grill paradigm. Thirty-one healthy subjects were stimulated three times for 1 min with the nonnoxious temperatures of 15°C and 41°C set at the interlaced cold and warm bars of a water bath-driven thermal grill. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded concomitantly. On account of previous observations of an association between the sensitivity of the cardiac baroreflex and pain perception, this parameter was additionally obtained. Numerical rating scales were used to quantify subjective pain intensity and pain unpleasantness; subjects were classified as responders and nonresponders to thermal grill stimulation based on pain intensity ratings. Responders exhibited lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure than nonresponders, and inverse linear associations arose between blood pressure and pain intensity and unpleasantness. Baroreflex sensitivity was unrelated to pain ratings. The findings confirmed the hypothesis of a blood pressure dependence of paradoxical pain and support the notion that the cardiovascular and pain regulatory systems interact not only in the processing of pain elicited by noxious input, but also in nonnoxiously generated illusive pain. While this finding is not consistent with the assumption of an involvement of the baroreflex system in mediating the observed interaction, psychological traits and neurochemical factors are alternatively considered.

• De Rubeis, Jannika; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lange, Diana; Pawelzik, Markus; van Randenborgh, Annette & Victor, Daniela [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Attachment Status Affects Heart Rate Responses to Experimental Ostracism in Inpatients with Depression. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11(3). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150375.
• Forkmann, Thomas; Meessen, Judith; Teismann, Tobias; Sütterlin, Stefan; Gauggel, Siegfried & Mainz, Verena (2016). Resting vagal tone is negatively associated with suicide ideation. Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. 194, s. 30–32. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.032.
• Koval, Peter; Sütterlin, Stefan & Kuppens, Peter (2016). Emotional Inertia is Associated with Lower Well-Being when Controlling for Differences in Emotional Context. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 6. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01997.
• Nürnberger, Miriam; Nerb, Josef; Schmitz, Florian; Keller, Johannes & Sütterlin, Stefan (2016). Implicit Gender Stereotypes and Essentialist Beliefs Predict Preservice Teachers’ Tracking Recommendations. Journal of Experimental Education. ISSN 0022-0973. 84(1), s. 152–174. doi: 10.1080/00220973.2015.1027807. Vis sammendrag

  This study investigated the extent to which differences in implicit and explicit math–language gender stereotypes, and essentialist beliefs among preservice teachers affect tracking recommendations for math/science- versus language-oriented secondary schools. Consistent with expectations, the results suggest that student's gender influences preservice teachers’ school career recommendations: Boys are more likely to be recommended for a math/science-oriented secondary school, whereas girls are more likely recommended for a language-oriented school. Both implicit math–language gender stereotypes and beliefs in genetic determinism (reflecting essentialist beliefs) predicted the stereotypicality of school career recommendations, whereas explicit measures did not. The results suggest that more closely investigating factors contributing to stereotypical behavior in teachers might help to minimize biased actions and decisions in the educational context.

• Sütterlin, Stefan; Egner, Lars; Lugo, Ricardo & Wojniusz, Slawomir (2015). Beyond expectation: a case for nonpersonal contextual factors in a more comprehensive approach to the placebo effect and the contribution of environmental psychology. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. ISSN 1179-1578. 8, s. 259–262. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S91774. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Creating an optimized health care environment to maximize the probability and magnitude of placebo effects draws on a number of well-researched mechanisms such as the patient's positive expectation toward treatment outcome. Patient-centered communication styles influence expectations and can thus be considered as a form of supplemental treatment. Unconsciously processed contextual triggering and facilitating placebo effects are omnipresent in clinical settings as well as in all other social and physical environments. Contextual cues in both the social and physical domain exert influences on the recipient's emotional state and recreational experiences. While the majority of research focuses on improving the patients' expectations, classical conditioning effects of nonsocial contextual factors have been largely neglected in discussions on practical implementation of placebo-enhancing environments. Built on the empirically well-supported argument that conditioning processes act as a powerful tool to mobilize self-healing resources just as verbally induced expectations do, we argue for a stronger consideration of the effects of permanent, nonsocial and nonverbal environmental contexts. Environmental psychology is a new field of research within the psychological domain and offers a toolbox of opportunities for medical psychological research and health care practitioners to improve the treatment outcomes and benefits of health care environments.

• Olsen, Vegard Volehaugen; Lugo, Ricardo & Sütterlin, Stefan (2015). The somatic marker theory in the context of addiction: contributions to understanding development and maintenance. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. ISSN 1179-1578. 8, s. 187–200. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S68695. Vis sammendrag

  Recent theoretical accounts of addiction have acknowledged that addiction to substances and behaviors share inherent similarities (eg, insensitivity to future consequences and self-regulatory deficits). This recognition is corroborated by inquiries into the neurobiological correlates of addiction, which has indicated that different manifestations of addictive pathology share common neural mechanisms. This review of the literature will explore the feasibility of the somatic marker hypothesis as a unifying explanatory framework of the decision-making deficits that are believed to be involved in addiction development and maintenance. The somatic marker hypothesis provides a neuroanatomical and cognitive framework of decision making, which posits that decisional processes are biased toward long-term prospects by emotional marker signals engendered by a neuronal architecture comprising both cortical and subcortical circuits. Addicts display markedly impulsive and compulsive behavioral patterns that might be understood as manifestations of decision-making processes that fail to take into account the long-term consequences of actions. Evidence demonstrates that substance dependence, pathological gambling, and Internet addiction are characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in neural regions, as outlined by the somatic marker hypothesis. Furthermore, both substance dependents and behavioral addicts show similar impairments on a measure of decision making that is sensitive to somatic marker functioning. The decision-making deficits that characterize addiction might exist a priori to addiction development; however, they may be worsened by ingestion of substances with neurotoxic properties. It is concluded that the somatic marker model of addiction contributes a plausible account of the underlying neurobiology of decision-making deficits in addictive disorders that is supported by the current neuroimaging and behavioral evidence. Implications for future research are outlined.

• Scheuren, Raymonde; Sütterlin, Stefan & Anton, Fernand (2014). Rumination and interoceptive accuracy predict the occurrence of the thermal grill illusion of pain. BMC Psychology. ISSN 2050-7283. 2(22). doi: 10.1186/2050-7283-2-22.
• Wölk, Julian; Sütterlin, Stefan; Koch, Stefan; Vögele, Claus & Schulz, Stefan M. (2014). Enhanced cardiac perception predicts impaired performance in the Iowa Gambling Task in patients with panic disorder. Brain and Behavior. ISSN 2162-3279. 4(2), s. 238–246. doi: 10.1002/brb3.206.
• Pappens, Meike; Schroijen, Mathias; Sütterlin, Stefan; Smets, Elyn; Van den Bergh, Omer & Thayer, Julian F. [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Resting heart rate variability predicts safety learning and fear extinction in an interoceptive fear conditioning paradigm. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 9(9), s. 1–9. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105054. Vis sammendrag

  This study aimed to investigate whether interindividual differences in autonomic inhibitory control predict safety learning and fear extinction in an interoceptive fear conditioning paradigm. Data from a previously reported study (N = 40) were extended (N = 17) and re-analyzed to test whether healthy participants’ resting heart rate variability (HRV) - a proxy of cardiac vagal tone - predicts learning performance. The conditioned stimulus (CS) was a slight sensation of breathlessness induced by a flow resistor, the unconditioned stimulus (US) was an aversive short-lasting suffocation experience induced by a complete occlusion of the breathing circuitry. During acquisition, the paired group received 6 paired CS-US presentations; the control group received 6 explicitly unpaired CS-US presentations. In the extinction phase, both groups were exposed to 6 CS-only presentations. Measures included startle blink EMG, skin conductance responses (SCR) and US-expectancy ratings. Resting HRV significantly predicted the startle blink EMG learning curves both during acquisition and extinction. In the unpaired group, higher levels of HRV at rest predicted safety learning to the CS during acquisition. In the paired group, higher levels of HRV were associated with better extinction. Our findings suggest that the strength or integrity of prefrontal inhibitory mechanisms involved in safety- and extinction learning can be indexed by HRV at rest.

• Vervoort, Tine; Trost, Zina; Sütterlin, Stefan; Caes, Line & Moors, Agnes (2014). Emotion regulatory function of parent attention to child pain and associated implications for parental pain control behaviour. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 155(8), s. 1453–1463. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.04.015. Vis sammendrag

  The present study investigated the function of parental attention to child pain in regulating parental distress and pain control behaviour when observing their child performing a painful (cold pressor) task (CPT), as well as the moderating role of parental state anxiety. Participants were 62 school children and one of their parents. Parental attention towards or away from child pain (i.e., “Attend to Pain” vs. “Avoid Pain”) was experimentally manipulated during a viewing task pairing unfamiliar children’s neutral and pain faces. Prior to and following the viewing task, parental distress regulation was assessed by heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). In a subsequent phase, parents observed their own child perform a CPT task, allowing assessment of parental pain control behavior (indexed by latency to stop their child’s CPT performance) and parental distress – assessed via self-report prior to and following observation of child CPT performance. Eye-tracking during the viewing task and self-reported attention to own child’s pain confirmed successful attention manipulation. Further, findings indicated that the impact of attentional strategy on parental emotion regulation (indexed by HR, self-report) and pain control behaviour depended upon parents’ state anxiety. Specifically, whereas low anxious parents reported more distress and demonstrated more pain control behaviour in the “Attend to Pain” condition, high anxious parents reported more distress and showed more pain control behaviour in the “Avoid Pain” condition. This inverse pattern was likewise apparent in physiological distress indices (HR) in response to the initial viewing task. Theoretical/clinical implications and further research directions are discussed.

• Koval, Peter; Ogrinz, Barbara; Kuppens, Peter; Van den Bergh, Omer; Tuerlinckx, Francis & Sütterlin, Stefan (2013). Affective Instability in Daily Life Is Predicted by Resting Heart Rate Variability. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 8:e81536(11). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081536. Vis sammendrag

  Previous research has shown that being affectively unstable is an indicator of several forms of psychological maladjustment. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying affective instability. Our research aims to examine the possibility that being prone to extreme fluctuations in one’s feelings is related to maladaptive emotion regulation. We investigated this hypothesis by relating affective instability, assessed in daily life using the experience sampling method, to self-reported emotion regulation strategies and to parasympathetically mediated heart rate variability (HRV), a physiological indicator of emotion regulation capacity. Results showed that HRV was negatively related to instability of positive affect (as measured by mean square successive differences), indicating that individuals with lower parasympathetic tone are emotionally less stable, particularly for positive affect.

• Sütterlin, Stefan; Schroijen, Mathias; Constantinou, Elena; Smets, Elyn; Van den Bergh, Omer & Van Diest, Ilse (2013). Breath holding duration as a measure of distress tolerance: examining its relation to measures of executive control. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 4. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00483.
• Schulz, A.; Lass-Hennemann, J.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Schächinger, H. & Vögele, Claus (2013). Cold pressor stress induces opposite effects on cardioceptive accuracy dependent on assessment paradigm. Biological Psychology. ISSN 0301-0511. 93(1), s. 167–174. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.01.007.
• Meule, A.; Eichhorn, K.; Real, R.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Vögele, Claus & Kübler, A. (2013). Quality of life, emotion regulation, and heart rate variability in individuals with intellectual disabilities and concomitant impaired vision. Psychology of Well-Being. ISSN 2211-1522. 3(1). doi: 10.1186/2211-1522-3-1.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Schulz, S.M.; Stumpf, T.; Pauli, P. & Vögele, Claus (2013). Enhanced cardiac perception is associated with increased susceptibility to framing effects. Cognitive Science. ISSN 0364-0213. 37(5), s. 922–935. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12036.
• Kaufmann, Tobias; Vögele, Claus; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lukito, Steve & Kübler, Andrea (2012). Effects of resting heart rate variability on performance in the P300 brain-computer interface. International Journal of Psychophysiology. ISSN 0167-8760. 83(3), s. 336–341. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.11.018.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Paap, MCS; Babic, S.; Kübler, A. & Vögele, Claus (2012). Rumination and age: some things get better. Journal of Aging Research. ISSN 2090-2204. 267327, s. 1–10. doi: 10.1155/2012/267327.
• Herbert, C. & Sütterlin, Stefan (2012). Do not respond! Memory suppression of unpleasant items in the think/no-think-task is influenced by motor response inhibition. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 3. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00269.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Andersson, Stein & Vögele, Claus (2011). Inhibition in action – inhibitory components in the behavioral activation system. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science. ISSN 2160-5874. 1, s. 160–166. doi: 10.4236/jbbs.2011.13021.
• Wojniusz, Slawomir; Vögele, Claus; Ropstad, Erik; Evans, Neil; Robinson, Jane & Sütterlin, Stefan [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Prepubertal gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog leads to exaggerated behavioral and emotional sex differences in sheep. Hormones and Behavior. ISSN 0018-506X. 59, s. 22–27. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.09.010. Vis sammendrag

  In mammals, sex specialization is reflected by differences in brain anatomy and function. Measurable differences are documented in reproductive behavior, cognition, and emotion. We hypothesized that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a crucial role in controlling the extent of the brain's sex specificity and that changes in GnRH action during critical periods of brain development, such as puberty, will result in altered sex-specific behavioral and physiological patterns. We blocked puberty in half of the 48 same-sex Scottish mule Texel cross sheep twins with GnRH analog (GnRHa) goserelin acetate every 3weeks, beginning just before puberty. To determine the effects of GnRHa treatment on sex-specific behavior and emotion regulation in different social contexts, we employed the food acquisition task (FAT) and measurement of heart rate variability (HRV). ANOVA revealed significant sex and sex×treatment interaction effects, suggesting that treated males were more likely to leave their companions to acquire food than untreated, while the opposite effect was observed in females. Concordant results were seen in HRV; treated males displayed higher HRV than untreated, while the reverse pattern was found in females, as shown by significant sex and sex×treatment interaction effects. We conclude that long-term prepubertal GnRHa treatment significantly affected sex-specific brain development, which impacted emotion and behavior regulation in sheep. These results suggest that GnRH is a modulator of cognitive function in the developing brain and that the sexes are differentially affected by GnRH modulation.

• Kaufmann, Tobias; Sütterlin, Stefan; Schulz, Stefan M. & Vögele, Claus (2011). ARTiiFACT – A tool for heart rate artifact processing and heart rate variability analysis. Behavior Research Methods. ISSN 1554-351X. 43(4), s. 1161–1170. doi: 10.3758/s13428-011-0107-7.
• Herbert, C.; Deutsch, R.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Kübler, A. & Pauli, P. (2011). Negation reverses the valence of pleasant content: Startle reflex modulation during processing of negated emotional words. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience. ISSN 1530-7026. 11(2), s. 199–206.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Herbert, C.; Schmitt, M.; Kübler, A. & Vögele, Claus (2011). Overcoming selfishness: reciprocity, inhibition, and cardiac-autonomic control in the ultimatum game. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 2(173), s. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00173.
• Grosche, C.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Koch, S.; Schulz, S.M. & Vögele, Claus (2011). Interozeption und Inhibitionskapazität bei Panikstörung und Somatoformen Störungen. Verhaltenstherapie (Basel). ISSN 1016-6262. 21, s. 1–39.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Herbert, C.; Schmitt, M.; Kübler, A. & Vögele, Claus (2011). Frames, decisions, and cardiac-autonomic control. Social Neuroscience. ISSN 1747-0919. 6(2), s. 169–177. doi: 10.1080/17470919.2010.495883.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Vögele, Claus & Gauggel, S. (2010). Neuropsychiatric complications of efavirenz therapy: suggestions for a new research paradigm. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. ISSN 0895-0172. 22(4), s. 361–369.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2024). Mental motstandskraft. I Berrefjord, Vivi Ringnes & Lund, Mass Soldal (Red.), Cybermakt. En tverrfaglig innføring. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 978-82-15-05707-1. s. 334–352.
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2023). A Psychological Perspective on Insider Threats.
• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Juozapavičius, Aušrius; Lapin, Kristina; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan (2023). The Role of Experience and Education in Resilience and Decision-Making in Cyber Threat Situations.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Sütterlin, Stefan; Canham, Matthew; Hermansen, Daniel & Knox, Benjamin James (2023). The Uncode System: A Neurocentric Systems Approach for Classifying the Goals and Methods of Cognitive Warfare .
• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Bukauskas, Linas; Brilingaitė, Agnė & Maennel, Olaf Manuel (2023). Editorial: The human factor in cyber security education. Frontiers in Education. ISSN 2504-284X. 8. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2023.1277282.
• Canham, Matthew; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Jones, Daniel N. (2023). Protecting the overclaimers in cybersecurity w/ Dr. Daniel N. Jones | CSI Talks #7. Vis sammendrag

  Daniel N. Jones is currently an Associate Professor of Management in the College of Business at the University of Nevada Reno (UNR) and a core faculty member in the Interdisciplinary Social Psychology Program. His contributions include research on dark personalities as they pertain to topics such as betrayal and cybersecurity. His research focuses on models of long vs. short-term deception and harm. Most especially, this research focuses on the differentiation of the Dark Triad of personality (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism). He is currently examining the potential utility of the Dark Triad in different contexts and is developing interventions that are designed to prevent the harm they cause.

• Canham, Matthew; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Bassett, Gabriel (2023). CTF Factory: A high-fidelity cyber simulation w/ Gabriel Bassett | CSI Talks #6. Vis sammendrag

  This focus topic was presented by Gabriel Bassett during the CSI meeting held on the 03/01/2023. The CSI meetings are digital monthly meetings arranged by the Cognitive Security Institute. Gabriel is the lead data scientist and a contributing author on the Data Breach Investigations Report team at Verizon Enterprise Solutions specializing in data science and graph theory applications to cyber security. He supports several information security data science conferences, is game architect for the CTF Factory Capture the Flag series, and founded Information Security Analytics LLC.

• Canham, Matthew; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Vishwanath, Arun (2023). The Weakest Link and Beyond w/ Dr. Arun Vishwanath | CSI Talks #5. Vis sammendrag

  This focus topic was presented by Dr. Arun Vishwanath during the CSI meeting held on the 02/01/2022. The CSI meetings are digital monthly meetings arranged by the Cognitive Security Institute. Dr. Arun Vishwanath is among the foremost experts on the “people problems” of cybersecurity. His research on the science of cybersecurity focuses on the largest surface of vulnerability in enterprise security: users. His body of work includes the development of methodologies to quantify human cyber-risk, approaches to diagnose how and why people are at risk through social engineering, and techniques to mitigate this risk.

• Canham, Matthew; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Wixey, Matt (2023). Human Side-Channels: Cyberweapons and Cyber Defenses w/ Matt Wixey | CSI Talks #4. Vis sammendrag

  This focus topic was presented by Matt Wixey during the CSI meeting held on the 01/04/2023. The CSI meetings are digital monthly meetings arranged by the Cognitive Security Institute. Matt Wixey is a senior threat researcher studying the physical and psychological effect of cyberweapons. He has over a decade of experience working in information security as a penetration tester, threat intelligence analyst and as a lead in R&D. His recent research focuses on human side-channels and whether or not computers contain an inherent capacity to cause harm.

• Sütterlin, Stefan; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Mägerle, Sophia; Glöckler, Sandra; Wolf, Leandra & Schray, Julian [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Individual Deep Fake Recognition Skills are Affected by Viewer’s Political Orientation, Agreement with Content and Device Used.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Kullman, Kaur; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Engel, Don & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2023). Neuroergonomics for Cybersecurity.
• Canham, Matthew; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Lawler, James (2022). Soulcatcher: Recruitment Operations w/ Former CIA Officer James Lawler | CSI Talks #3. Vis sammendrag

  This focus topic was presented by former CIA operations officer James Lawler during the CSI meeting held on the 12/07/2022. The CSI meetings are digital monthly meetings arranged by the Cognitive Security Institute. James "Jim" Lawler served for 25 years as a CIA operations officer in various international posts and as Chief of the Counterproliferation Division's Special Activities Unit. He was a member of the CIA's Senior Intelligence Service from 1998 to 2005. Lawler was a specialist in the recruitment of foreign spies, and he spent over half of his CIA career battling the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, including serving as chief of the A.Q. Khan Nuclear Takedown Team, which resulted in the disruption of the most dangerous nuclear weapons network in history. According to former CIA Director George Tenet, what Lawler and his team achieved ranks as one of the most spectacular intelligence accomplishments in the history of the CIA.

• Canham, Matthew; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Gutzwiller, Robert (2022). Are Cyber Attackers Thinking Fast and Slow? w/ Dr. Robert Gutzwiller | CSI Talks #2. Vis sammendrag

  This focus topic was presented by Dr. Robert Gutzwiller during the CSI meeting held on the 11/02/2022. The CSI meetings are digital monthly meetings arranged by the Cognitive Security Institute. Dr. Robert Gutzwiller is a researcher studying the critical role of the human in complex systems. He has done pioneering work on oppositional human factors in cybersecurity, although his work extends beyond cyberspace to areas such as defense and transportation. His recent research focuses on engineering human attention, human-automation interaction, and defensive cyberspace operations.

• Torgersen, Leanne & Sütterlin, Stefan (2022). Patient Informed Consent, Ethical and Legal Considerations in the Context of Digital Vulnerability with Smart, Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices.
• Canham, Matthew; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James; Ask, Torvald Fossåen & Sawyer, Ben (2022). Cognitive Security: Human Vulnerabilities, Exploits, and TTPs.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2022). Neuroergonomic Approaches to Improving Cyber Situational Awareness During Cyber Threat Situations.
• Canham, Matthew; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Ask, Torvald Fossåen (2022). Cognitive Security: Exploring the Human Layer.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Ask, Torvald Fossåen (2022). Cybersecurity – Our New Normal.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan (2022). Forskning under Bukkesprang: Cybersituasjonsbevissthet på Individ- og Team-nivå.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Canham, Matthew; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Sütterlin, Stefan; Hermansen, Daniel & Knox, Benjamin James (2022). Et System for å Klassifisere De Nevrokognitive Målene Til Kognitiv Krigføring.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Canham, Matthew; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Sütterlin, Stefan; Hermansen, Daniel & Knox, Benjamin James (2022). A System for Classifying the Neurocognitive Goals of Cognitive Warfare.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2022). Situational Awareness at an Individual Level – Processing information.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Veng, Karl; Eck, Jonathan & Fritschi, Jonas [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The Role of DLPFC Functioning for Deepfake Recognition Skills.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Helgetun, Ivar & Sütterlin, Stefan (2022). Neurophysiological and Emotional Influences on Team Communication and Metacognitive Cyber Situational Awareness During a Cyber Engineering Exercise.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Sütterlin, Stefan (2022). Cybersituasjonsforståelse: En nevrokognitiv tilnærming.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Sütterlin, Stefan (2022). Cyber-situasjonsbevissthet.
• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Sütterlin, Stefan & Kullman, Kaur (2022). Perception and human-machine interactions in cybersecurity.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & van Steen, Tommy (2022). Implementing Behavioural Science Perspectives for Improved Cybersecurity Awareness Education in Organisations.
• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James; Ask, Torvald Fossåen & Sütterlin, Stefan (2022). ACDICOM Research.
• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan (2022). ACDICOM Project.
• Ptacek, Martin; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Steptoe, Karl J. & Sütterlin, Stefan (2022). Evidence Base of the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment Approach in Applied Sport Psychology and Future Directions .
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Veng, Karl; Eck, Jonathan & Fritschi, Jonas [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The Role of IT Background for Metacognitive Accuracy, Confidence and Overestimation of Deep Fake Recognition Skills.
• Juozapavičius, Aušrius; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2022). Towards a metacognitive accuracy training in military education.
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2022). Vagally mediated heart rate variability as a non-invasive measure for momentary activation, recovery and long-term coping: possibilities, methods and caveats.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Sütterlin, Stefan (2021). ACDICOM: Advancing Cyber Defense by Improved Communication of Recognized Cyber Threat Situations .
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan (2021). Science-Based Approaches to Improving Cyber Threat Communication.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan (2021). Human-Human Communication in Cyber Threat Situations: A Systematic Review.
• Dechsling, Anders; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Halvorsen, Lars Rune (2021). Studiebarometeret måler ikke studiekvalitet. Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan (2021). Human-Human Communication in Cyber Threat Situations.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Knox, Benjamin James (2021). Design and Cyber Security.
• Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2021). Dark Patterns and Deep Fakes.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2021). Situational States Influence on Team Workload Demands in Cyber Defense Exercise.
• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan & Knox, Benjamin James (2021). The Influence of Team Workload Demands During a Cyber Defense Exercise on Team Performance. Vis sammendrag

  Research has shown that cyber defense is dependent on individual functioning as well as teamwork[1, 2]. Research has identified teamwork factors, such as communication and coordination, that increase performance [1, 3], while more supporting behaviours, i.e. emotional and team support, have shown to inhibit team performance [3, 4] but currently the understanding of impact workloads have on performance is still limited [4]. The study investigated the role of team workload demands on team performance (effectiveness, dissatisfaction). Methods Data was collected during the Norwegian Defense Cyber Academy’s annual Cyber Defense Exercise. The Team Workload Questionnaire[5] was used as the independent variable to assess workload demands. The Teamwork component (communication, coordination, team performance monitoring) and Task-Team component (time-share, team emotion, team support) were used as predictors. For performance outcomes, two self-reported items were created, Team Effectiveness and Team Dissatisfaction, on a 10-point Likert scale (none-very). The study conformed to the Norwegian Social Science Data Services’ ethical guidelines. Participants gave their informed consent verbally and were informed that they could withdraw from participation at any time. Statistical analysis was done with JASP version .14.1[6]. Alpha levels were set to .05.   Results Teamwork demands (communication (β=.608), coordination (β =.224), team performance monitoring (β =-.149) could predict Team Effectiveness (R2=.632, F=5.16, p=.024). Task-team workload demands (team support (β =.328), team emotion (β=.878), time-share demands (β =-.196)) could predict Team Dissatisfaction (R2=.853, F=17.36, p<.001). Discussion This study investigated the influence of team workload demands on team performance. Results support the hypotheses. Teamwork demands could predict team effectiveness while Task-team demands could predict more negative aspects of team performance and the results are in line with previous research [3, 4, 7]. Future research in cyber security operations should incorporate team workload demands to assess performance. This research is funded by the Norwegian Research Council (#302941).

• Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Sütterlin, Stefan & Ask, Torvald Fossåen (2021). The Human Factors.
• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Sütterlin, Stefan (2021). The role of healthcare professionals in cybersecurity.
• Børtveit, Line; Nordahl-Hansen, Anders Johan; Dechsling, Anders; Sütterlin, Stefan & Nordgreen, Tine (2021). Tredjegenerasjons atferdsanalyse i internettlevert behandling for pasienter med depresjon.
• Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2020). Social Engineering and Dark Patterns.
• Orm, Stian; Dechsling, Anders; Sütterlin, Stefan; Øien, Roald A & Nordahl-Hansen, Anders Johan (2020). Virtual Reality to Enhance Social and Emotional Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
• Nordahl-Hansen, Anders; Dechsling, Anders; Sütterlin, Stefan; Børtveit, Line; Zhang, Dajie & Øien, Roald A [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Virtual Reality Interventions: Autism and Intellectual Disabilities.
• Dechsling, Anders; Sütterlin, Stefan & Nordahl-Hansen, Anders (2020). Acceptability and normative considerations in research on Autism Spectrum Disorders and Virtual Reality.
• Maennel, Kaie; Kim, Joonsoo & Sütterlin, Stefan (2020). From Text Mining to Evidence Team Learning in Cybersecurity Exercises.
• Dechsling, Anders; Orm, Stian; Øien, Roald A; Sütterlin, Stefan & Nordahl-Hansen, Anders (2020). Virtual Reality and Behavior Analytic Interventions on Social Skills for People with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.
• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan (2019). Cyber Defense Officer Profiles and Performance factors .
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2019). TalTechi küberkaitseteadlased: ainult tehnilistest oskustest ja teadmistest küberkaitses ei piisa. Postimees. ISSN 1406-0981.
• Eikeseth, Fillip F.; Denninghaus, Sabrina; Witthöft, Michael; Cropley, Mark; Pawelzik, Markus R. & Sütterlin, Stefan (2019). Biomarkører i psykoterapiforskning - nye funn for cortisol awakening response. BestPractice Norge.
• Maennel, Kaie; Kim, Joonsoo & Sütterlin, Stefan (2019). Team Learning in Cybersecurity Exercises.
• Dechsling, Anders; Orm, Stian; Sütterlin, Stefan; Øien, Roald A & Nordahl-Hansen, Anders (2019). Virtual reality interventions for persons with autism spectrum disorders:: A systematic scoping review.
• Hustavnes, Geir Martin; Ask, Torvald F.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Cropley, Mark (2018). The Effects of Mindfulness and Exercise on Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms and Cravings in Abstinent Snus Users .
• Trolie Auestad, Ingrid; Horgen, ingeborg Åse; Firth-Clark, Andrea; Knox, Benjamin James; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana & Sütterlin, Stefan [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Cognitive Profiles of Female Cyber Defence Operators .
• Vervoort, Tine; Karos, Kai; Johnson, D.; Sütterlin, Stefan & Van Ryckeghem, Dimitri (2018). Parental emotion and pain control behaviour when facing child's pain: the emotion regulatory role of parental pain-related attention set shifting and heart rate variability.
• Jøsok, Øyvind; Hedberg, Mathias; Knox, Benjamin James; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2018). Development and Application of the Hybrid Space App for Measuring Cognitive Focus in Hybrid Contexts. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 10915, s. 369–382. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-91470-1_30.
• Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Sütterlin, Stefan (2018). Cyber Officer Profiles and Performance Factors. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 10906 LNAI, s. 181–190. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-91122-9_16.
• Jøsok, Øyvind; Hedberg, Mathias; Knox, Benjamin James; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2018). Development and application of The Hybrid Space app for measuring cognitive focus in hybrid contexts.
• Lugo, Ricardo; Sütterlin, Stefan; Jøsok, Øyvind; Knox, Benjamin James & Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana (2018). Macrocognitive approaches on Cyber Performance.
• Lugo, Ricardo & Sütterlin, Stefan (2018). Cyber Officer Profiles and Performance Factors.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Knox, Benjamin James; Jøsok, Øyvind & Firth-Clark, Andrea (2018). An adaptation of the OODA-loop model in cyber operations: Implications for communication and training in a Hybrid Space .
• Lugo, Ricardo; Sütterlin, Stefan; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Knox, Benjamin James; Jøsok, Øyvind & Firth-Clark, Andrea [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Cognitive Styles of Cyber Engineers - A Cross Cultural Comparison .
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2018). Opponent ved Amy Bowman's viva med tittelen "The Effect of Environment and Environmental (Auditory) Enrichment on the Stress Level of Dogs in Rescue Centres".
• Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Sütterlin, Stefan; Dyrkolbotn, Geir Olav & Svendsen, Nils Kalstad (2017). Supporting the Human in Cyber Defence.
• Lugo, Ricardo; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James & Jøsok, Øyvind (2017). Performance Enhancement in Military Cyber Operations.
• Cropley, Mark & Sütterlin, Stefan (2017). The Association Between Work-Related Rumination and Heart Rate Variability. Vis sammendrag

  Medforfattere på foredraget var Davide Morelli, Ilke Inceoglu, Geoff Thomas og Chris Chu.

• Cropley, Mark; Plans, David; Sütterlin, Stefan; Morelli, David; Inceoglu, Ilke & Thomas, G. [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Work, Stress and Health 2017- The 12The 12th International Conference on Occupational Stress and Health.
• Lugo, Ricardo; Kwei-Narh, Prosper A.; Jøsok, Øyvind; Knox, Benjamin James; Helkala, Kirsi & Sütterlin, Stefan (2017). Team Workload Demands Influence on Cyber Detection Performance.
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2017). Peripheral psychophysiology in clinical research: Recent findings.
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2017). Recent findings on peripheral physiological markers as predictors for therapeutic and decision-making outcome.
• Jøsok, Øyvind; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo; Helkala, Kirsi & Sütterlin, Stefan (2017). Enhancement of human performance in military cyber operations by facilitating the application of behavioral science in cyber defence practice.
• Eikeseth, Fillip Ferreira & Sütterlin, Stefan (2016). The Association between Heart Rate Variability and the Level of Personality Functioning Scale in the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders.
• Iversen, Stian; Helkala, Kirsi; Knox, Benjamin James; Jøsok, Øyvind; Kwei-Narh, Prosper A. & Sütterlin, Stefan [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). The role of Field independence/dependence as a cognitive style in regard to meeting future challenges in the realm of cyber-warfare, and the application of group embedded figures tests to determine metacognition and cognitive styles.
• Poless, Pauline Georgees; Torstveit, Linda; Sütterlin, Stefan; Andreassen, Marita & Lugo, Ricardo (2016). Guilt and proneness to shame: Unethical behaviour in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism.
• Ask, Torvald; Lugo, Ricardo; Sütterlin, Stefan & Cropley, Mark (2016). The Effects of a Short Bout of Exercise and a Guided Relaxation Routine (Body Scan) on Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms in Abstinent Snus Users.
• De Rubeis, Jannika; Lugo, Ricardo; Witthöft, Michael; Sütterlin, Stefan; Pawelzik, Markus R. & Vögele, Claus (2016). Rejection Sensitivity as a Vulnerability marker for depressive relapse in men.
• De Rubeis, Jannika; Sütterlin, Stefan; Bergman, Marie Lofterød & Lugo, Ricardo (2016). Sensitivitet for sosial ekskludering og behandling av depresjon : nye funn om beskyttelses og sårbarhetsfaktorer. BestPractice Psykiatri/Nevrologi/Geriatri. 7(27), s. 48–50.
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2016). Opponent på Jonathan Remues disputas "Criticism, self-esteem and the depressed brain: an experimental approach".
• De Witte, Nele A.J.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Braet, Caroline & Mueller, Sven C. (2016). Getting to the heart of emotion regulation in clinically an - xious adolescents : the effect of cognitive reappraisal on psychophysiology.
• Lugo, Ricardo; Sütterlin, Stefan; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Knox, Benjamin James; Jøsok, Øyvind & Lande, Natalie Marie (2016). Populating the Hybrid Space: Self-efficacy and intuitive decision-making.
• Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana; Knox, Benjamin James; Jøsok, Øyvind; Lugo, Ricardo & Sütterlin, Stefan (2016). How Coping Strategies Influence Cyber Task Performance in the Hybrid Space.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo; Mueller, Sven C.; Schulz, Stefan M. & Scheuren, Raymonde (2016). Cognitive evaluation of interoceptive informationand negative health outcomes.
• Mueller, Sven C.; De Rubeis, Jannika; Lange, Diane; Pawelzik, Markus R. & Sütterlin, Stefan (2016). Sensitivity to social exclusion in major depressive disorder predicts therapeutic outcome after inpatient treatment. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. ISSN 0033-3190. 85(1), s. 50–52. doi: 10.1159/000437147.
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2015). Psychophysiologische Korrelate der Emotionsregulation und klinische Bedeutung.
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2015). Emotions, decisions, and methods - Any use for research in cyber-physical systems?
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2015). A psycho-physiological perspective on medical side effects - Assessment beyond patient-reported-outcomes.
• Torstveit, Linda; Lugo, Ricardo & Sütterlin, Stefan (2015). Empathy, Guilt Proneness, and Gender: Relative Contributions to Prosocial Behaviour.
• Beurms, Sarah; Boddez, Yannick; Sütterlin, Stefan; Van Krunkelsven, Ellen & Miller, Holly C. (2015). Heart-rate variability as a physiological marker of self-control in police dogs. Journal of veterinary behavior. ISSN 1558-7878. 10(5), s. 443–443. doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2015.07.020.
• Scheuren, R.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Schulz, A & Anton, F. (2015). Responders to the thermal grill paradigm display higher vagal reactivity than non-responders .
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2015). Cognitive processing of interoceptive information and negative health outcomes.
• Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo (2015). Neurocognitive development and vagal tone: assessment and interpretation.
• Beurms, Sarah; Boddez, Yannick; Sütterlin, Stefan; Van Krunkelsven, Ellen & Miller, Holly (2015). Heart-Rate Variability as a Physiological Marker of Self-Control in Police Dogs.
• Lugo, Ricardo & Sütterlin, Stefan (2015). Autonomic nervous system correlates of behavioral and emotional regulation.
• Lugo, Ricardo & Sütterlin, Stefan (2015). Cognition, Mindfulness, and Well-Being: An empirical study.
• Mueller, Sven C.; De Rubeis, Jannika; Lange, Diane; Pawelzik, Markus & Sütterlin, Stefan (2015). Sensitivity to social exclusion in MDD predicts greater therapeutic improvement.
• De Witte, Nele A.J.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Braet, Caroline & Mueller, Sven C. (2015). Getting to the heart of emotion regulation in youth: a study of heart rate variability, interoceptive awareness, and emotion regulation strategies.
• Khooshabeh, Peter; Ouimette, Brett; Sütterlin, Stefan; Namvar, Ethan; Gratch, Jonathan & Blascovich, Jim (2015). Narcissism Predicts Individual Differences in Decision-making among Risky Choices.
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2015). Biological Psychology - A very short introduction.
• Meessen, Judith; Gauggel, Siegfried; Sütterlin, Stefan & Forkmann, Thomas (2014). Metakognition & Interozeption.
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2014). Biological Psychology.
• Egner, Lars; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo (2014). A reversed word length effect. Increased prevalence of digits with two syllables in digit span tests increases score.
• Rost, S.; Van Ryckeghem, D.; Koval, P.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Vögele, C. & Crombez, G. (2014). The role of affective instability on daily chronic pain outcomes.
• Scheuren, R.; Sütterlin, Stefan & Anton, F. (2014). Vagally mediated heart rate variability as a predictor for the occurence of the thermal grill-induced pain illusion.
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2014). Biopsychological risk factors of cardiovascular complications.
• Rost, Silke; Van Ryckeghem, Dimitri; Koval, Peter; Sütterlin, Stefan; Vögele, Claus & Crombez, Geert (2014). The role of affective instability on daily chronic pain outcomes.
• De Rubeis, Jannika; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lange, Diane; Pawelzik, Markus; van Randenborgh, Annette & Victor, Daniela [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Slideway to Depression? An Experimental Investigation of Coinciding Disorganized Attachment and Exclusion Experience.
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2014). Interoceptive awareness as a gateway to feeling? The psychophysiological basis and method of assessing gut feelings.
• Steinmetz, Jean-Paul; Theisen-Flies, Christiane; Vögele, Claus; Federspiel, Carine & Sütterlin, Stefan (2014). Heart rate variability as a potential measure for quality of life in elderly patients with wide spread alcohol related impairments: A pilot study.
• Van Ryckeghem, Dimitri; Rost, Silke; Koval, Peter; Sütterlin, Stefan & Crombez, Geert (2014). The influence of emotional instability on daily chronic pain outcomes.
• Steinmetz, Jean-Paul; Theisen-Flies, Christiane; Vögele, Claus; Federspiel, Carine & Sütterlin, Stefan (2014). Vagal mediierte Herzratenvariabilität als physiologisches Korrelat der Lebensqualität von Patienten mit weitreichenden alkoholinduzierten Hirnschädigungen.
• Sütterlin, Stefan (2014). Heart rate variability as a correlate of emotion regulation capacity: Some findings, methodological reflections, and caveats.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Constantinou, E.; Schroijen, M.; Smets, E.; Van den Bergh, O. & Van Diest, I. (2013). Assessing distress tolerance with the breath holding task – a validation with measures of executive control.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Wölk, Julian; Schulz, Stefan M.; Koch, Stefan & Vögele, Claus (2013). Gut feelings in panic patients: Is good „intuition“ a predictor for bad decisions?
• Schulz, S.M.; Wölk, J.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Koch, S.; Pauli, P. & Vögele, C. (2013). Kardiozeption bei Panikpatienten: Gute “Intuition” als Pradiktor schlechter Entscheidungen?!
• Scheuren, R.; Sütterlin, Stefan & Anton, F. (2013). Rumination, interoceptive awareness and suggestibility predict the occurrence of the thermal grill illusion.
• Rost, S.; Van Ryckeghem, D.; Koval, P.; Sütterlin, Stefan & Crombez, G. (2013). The relationship between emotion dynamics and pain outcomes.
• Rost, S.; Van Ryckeghem, D.; Koval, P.; Sütterlin, Stefan & Crombez, G. (2013). Day-to-day variability of emotions in chronic pain.
• Nürnberger, M.; Nerb, J.; Sütterlin, Stefan & Schmitz, F. (2013). Are implicit math-language gender stereotypes predictive for teachers‘ school career recommendations?
• Forkmann, T.; Meessen, J.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Gauggel, S. & Mainz, V. (2013). Metakognitives Monitoring, Interozeptionsfähigkeit und Herzratenvariabilität als Prädiktoren von Gedächtnisleistung.
• Schroijen, M.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Constantinou, E.; Van den Bergh, O. & Van Diest, I. (2013). Breath holding duration as a measure to assess distress tolerance: Does it relate to executive control?
• Borlinghaus, J.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Pawelzik, M.R. & Vögele, C. (2013). To be a good girl: asceticism predicts weight gain during treatment for Anorexia Nervosa.
• Wojniusz, Slawomir Donat; Callens, Nina; Sütterlin, Stefan; De Schepper, J; Gies, I & De Waele, K [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). GnRHa therapy effects on heart rate and emotion regulation in girls treated for central precocious puberty.
• Kaufmann, T.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Schulz, Stefan M. & Vögele, Claus (2012). Barolyser: A free software tool for the assessment of baroreflex sensitivity.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Schulz, S.M.; Stumpf, T.; Pauli, P. & Vögele, C. (2012). Implicit affective biases in framing tasks are mediated by interoceptive skills.
• Wölk, J.; Schulz, S.M.; Sütterlin, Stefan & Vögele, C. (2012). Interoceptive awareness and implicit learning in panic disorder.
• Wojniusz, Slawomir; Callens, Nina; Cools, Martine; Andersson, Stein; Solbakk, Anne-Kristin & Sütterlin, Stefan [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Long term GnRHR treatment effects on autonomic nerve system and frontal lobe function in children with pubertas precox.
• Happ, C.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Melzer, A. & Steffgen, G. (2011). Emotionale Medienstimuli und die moderierende Rolle von Empathie auf Entscheidungsprozesse.
• Herbert, C. & Sütterlin, Stefan (2011). Processing of emotional target words affects motor inhibition and memory in an emotional stop-signal task.
• Sütterlin, Stefan & Herbert, C. (2011). Psychomotoric influences on declarative memory.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Herbert, Cornelia; Schmitt, Michael; Kübler, Andrea & Vögele, Claus (2011). Overcoming selfishness: Reciprocity, inhibition, and cardiac autonomic control in the ultimatum game.
• Vögele, C.; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lutz, A. (2011). Self-regulation, inhibition, and cardiac-autonomic control.
• Herbert, C.; Deutsch, R.; Sütterlin, Stefan & Pauli, P. (2010). Negation as a means of emotion regulation?
• Kaufmann, T.; Vögele, C.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lukito, S. & Kübler, A. (2010). Cardiac autonomic control as physiological trait predicts performance in a P300 BCI.
• Kaufmann, T.; Vögele, C.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lukito, S. & Kübler, A. (2010). Effects of cardiac autonomic balance on performance in a P300 brain computer interface.
• Sütterlin, Stefan; Schmitt, M. & Vögele, C. (2010). Frames, decisions, and cardiac-autonomic control.
• Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2024). Neuroergonomic Approaches to Understanding and Improving Communication of Recognized Cyber Threat Situations. NTNU. ISSN 978-82-326-8147-1. 2024(278).
• Wölk, J.; Schulz, S.M.; Sütterlin, Stefan; Koch, S.; Pauli, P. & Vögele, C. (2012). Interozeptions- und Regulationsfähigkeit moderieren implizites Lernen in der Iowa Gambling Task bei Patienten mit Panikstörung. University of Luxembourg.

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