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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio
(2024).
Mental motstandskraft.
I Berrefjord, Vivi Ringnes & Lund, Mass Soldal (Red.),
Cybermakt. En tverrfaglig innføring.
Universitetsforlaget.
ISSN 978-82-15-05707-1.
s. 334–352.
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Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Juozapavičius, Aušrius; Lapin, Kristina; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan
(2023).
The Role of Experience and Education in Resilience and Decision-Making in Cyber Threat Situations.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Sütterlin, Stefan; Canham, Matthew; Hermansen, Daniel & Knox, Benjamin James
(2023).
The Uncode System: A Neurocentric Systems Approach for Classifying the Goals and Methods of Cognitive Warfare
.
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Canham, Matthew; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Jones, Daniel N.
(2023).
Protecting the overclaimers in cybersecurity w/ Dr. Daniel N. Jones | CSI Talks #7.
Vis sammendrag
Daniel N. Jones is currently an Associate Professor of Management in the College of Business at the University of Nevada Reno (UNR) and a core faculty member in the Interdisciplinary Social Psychology Program. His contributions include research on dark personalities as they pertain to topics such as betrayal and cybersecurity. His research focuses on models of long vs. short-term deception and harm. Most especially, this research focuses on the differentiation of the Dark Triad of personality (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism). He is currently examining the potential utility of the Dark Triad in different contexts and is developing interventions that are designed to prevent the harm they cause.
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Canham, Matthew; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Bassett, Gabriel
(2023).
CTF Factory: A high-fidelity cyber simulation w/ Gabriel Bassett | CSI Talks #6.
Vis sammendrag
This focus topic was presented by Gabriel Bassett during the CSI meeting held on the 03/01/2023. The CSI meetings are digital monthly meetings arranged by the Cognitive Security Institute.
Gabriel is the lead data scientist and a contributing author on the Data Breach Investigations Report team at Verizon Enterprise Solutions specializing in data science and graph theory applications to cyber security. He supports several information security data science conferences, is game architect for the CTF Factory Capture the Flag series, and founded Information Security Analytics LLC.
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Canham, Matthew; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Vishwanath, Arun
(2023).
The Weakest Link and Beyond w/ Dr. Arun Vishwanath | CSI Talks #5.
Vis sammendrag
This focus topic was presented by Dr. Arun Vishwanath during the CSI meeting held on the 02/01/2022. The CSI meetings are digital monthly meetings arranged by the Cognitive Security Institute.
Dr. Arun Vishwanath is among the foremost experts on the “people problems” of cybersecurity. His research on the science of cybersecurity focuses on the largest surface of vulnerability in enterprise security: users. His body of work includes the development of methodologies to quantify human cyber-risk, approaches to diagnose how and why people are at risk through social engineering, and techniques to mitigate this risk.
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Canham, Matthew; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Wixey, Matt
(2023).
Human Side-Channels: Cyberweapons and Cyber Defenses w/ Matt Wixey | CSI Talks #4.
Vis sammendrag
This focus topic was presented by Matt Wixey during the CSI meeting held on the 01/04/2023. The CSI meetings are digital monthly meetings arranged by the Cognitive Security Institute.
Matt Wixey is a senior threat researcher studying the physical and psychological effect of cyberweapons. He has over a decade of experience working in information security as a penetration tester, threat intelligence analyst and as a lead in R&D. His recent research focuses on human side-channels and whether or not computers contain an inherent capacity to cause harm.
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Fredheim, Nina Skajaa & Ask, Torvald Fossåen
(2023).
Humøret kan påvirke evnen til å håndtere et cyberangrep.
[Internett].
hiof.no.
Vis sammendrag
Dårlig humør kan være smittsomt og er derfor upassende når vi skal samarbeide med andre. Det å være i for godt humør kan også være uheldig, dersom det påvirker hvor godt man evner å være analytisk i alvorlige situasjoner. Som for eksempel når man etterforsker et cyberangrep.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen & Knox, Benjamin James
(2023).
Cognitive Warfare and the Human Domain:
Appreciating the perspective that the trajectories of neuroscience and human evolution place Cognitive Warfare at odds with ideas of a Human Domain.
I Masakowski, Yvonne & Blatny, Janet Martha (Red.),
Mitigating and Responding to Cognitive Warfare.
NATO Science and Technology Organization.
ISSN 978-92-837-2433-9.
doi:
10.14339/STO-TR-HFM-ET-356.
Vis sammendrag
The NATO STO HFM-ET-356 performed an assessment of the Science and Technologies (S&T) required to mitigate and defend against Cognitive Warfare (CogWar). CogWar has emerged replete with security challenges due to its invasive and invisible nature and where the goal is to exploit facets of cognition to disrupt, undermine, influence, or modify human decisions (proposed by HFM-ET-356). CogWar represents the convergence of a wide range of advanced technologies along
with human factors, used by NATO’s adversaries in the 21st century battlespace. CogWar is a risk to global defence and security and threatens human decision making.
The ET-356 proposed a S&T Road map to guide NATO and Allied Partners in future research activities and investments. The proposed Road map is based on a “House Model,” and linked to the Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act (OODA) decision cycle. The Model represents seven main S&T knowledge areas and enablers that are cross-cutting related: Pillars: Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Social and Cultural Science; and Bars: Situational Awareness and Sensemaking, Cognitive Effects, modus operandi, and Technology and Force Multipliers.
This work underpins the NATO Warfighting Capstone Concept and its Warfare Development Initiative Cognitive Superiority, and the NATO Strategic Concept 2022.
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Sütterlin, Stefan; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Mägerle, Sophia; Glöckler, Sandra; Wolf, Leandra & Schray, Julian
[Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2023).
Individual Deep Fake Recognition Skills are Affected by Viewer’s Political Orientation, Agreement with Content and Device Used.
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Canham, Matthew; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Lawler, James
(2022).
Soulcatcher: Recruitment Operations w/ Former CIA Officer James Lawler | CSI Talks #3.
Vis sammendrag
This focus topic was presented by former CIA operations officer James Lawler during the CSI meeting held on the 12/07/2022. The CSI meetings are digital monthly meetings arranged by the Cognitive Security Institute.
James "Jim" Lawler served for 25 years as a CIA operations officer in various international posts and as Chief of the Counterproliferation Division's Special Activities Unit. He was a member of the CIA's Senior Intelligence Service from 1998 to 2005. Lawler was a specialist in the recruitment of foreign spies, and he spent over half of his CIA career battling the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, including serving as chief of the A.Q. Khan Nuclear Takedown Team, which resulted in the disruption of the most dangerous nuclear weapons network in history. According to former CIA Director George Tenet, what Lawler and his team achieved ranks as one of the most spectacular intelligence accomplishments in the history of the CIA.
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Canham, Matthew; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Gutzwiller, Robert
(2022).
Are Cyber Attackers Thinking Fast and Slow? w/ Dr. Robert Gutzwiller | CSI Talks #2.
Vis sammendrag
This focus topic was presented by Dr. Robert Gutzwiller during the CSI meeting held on the 11/02/2022. The CSI meetings are digital monthly meetings arranged by the Cognitive Security Institute.
Dr. Robert Gutzwiller is a researcher studying the critical role of the human in complex systems. He has done pioneering work on oppositional human factors in cybersecurity, although his work extends beyond cyberspace to areas such as defense and transportation. His recent research focuses on engineering human attention, human-automation interaction, and defensive cyberspace operations.
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Canham, Matthew; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James; Ask, Torvald Fossåen & Sawyer, Ben
(2022).
Cognitive Security: Human Vulnerabilities, Exploits, and TTPs.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio
(2022).
Neuroergonomic Approaches to Improving Cyber Situational Awareness During Cyber Threat Situations.
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Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Ask, Torvald Fossåen
(2022).
Cybersecurity – Our New Normal.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan
(2022).
Forskning under Bukkesprang: Cybersituasjonsbevissthet på Individ- og Team-nivå.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Canham, Matthew; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Sütterlin, Stefan; Hermansen, Daniel & Knox, Benjamin James
(2022).
Et System for å Klassifisere De Nevrokognitive Målene Til Kognitiv Krigføring.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Canham, Matthew; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Sütterlin, Stefan; Hermansen, Daniel & Knox, Benjamin James
(2022).
A System for Classifying the Neurocognitive Goals of Cognitive Warfare.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Sütterlin, Stefan & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio
(2022).
Situational Awareness at an Individual Level – Processing information.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Veng, Karl; Eck, Jonathan & Fritschi, Jonas
[Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2022).
The Role of DLPFC Functioning for Deepfake Recognition Skills.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Helgetun, Ivar & Sütterlin, Stefan
(2022).
Neurophysiological and Emotional Influences on Team Communication and Metacognitive Cyber Situational Awareness During a Cyber Engineering Exercise.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Sütterlin, Stefan
(2022).
Cybersituasjonsforståelse: En nevrokognitiv tilnærming.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Sütterlin, Stefan
(2022).
Cyber-situasjonsbevissthet.
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Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Sütterlin, Stefan & Kullman, Kaur
(2022).
Perception and human-machine interactions in cybersecurity.
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Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James; Ask, Torvald Fossåen & Sütterlin, Stefan
(2022).
ACDICOM Research.
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Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan
(2022).
ACDICOM Project.
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Sütterlin, Stefan; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Veng, Karl; Eck, Jonathan & Fritschi, Jonas
[Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2022).
The Role of IT Background for Metacognitive Accuracy, Confidence and Overestimation of Deep Fake Recognition Skills.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen
(2021).
Hjernen og Nerveceller.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen
(2021).
Sansing og Persepsjon.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio & Sütterlin, Stefan
(2021).
ACDICOM: Advancing Cyber Defense by Improved Communication of Recognized Cyber Threat Situations .
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan
(2021).
Science-Based Approaches to Improving Cyber Threat Communication.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan
(2021).
Human-Human Communication in Cyber Threat Situations: A Systematic Review.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Knox, Benjamin James & Sütterlin, Stefan
(2021).
Human-Human Communication in Cyber Threat Situations.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan; Knox, Benjamin James & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio
(2021).
Situational States Influence on Team Workload Demands in Cyber Defense Exercise.
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Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Ask, Torvald Fossåen; Sütterlin, Stefan & Knox, Benjamin James
(2021).
The Influence of Team Workload Demands During a Cyber Defense Exercise on Team Performance.
Vis sammendrag
Research has shown that cyber defense is dependent on individual functioning as well as teamwork[1, 2]. Research has identified teamwork factors, such as communication and coordination, that increase performance [1, 3], while more supporting behaviours, i.e. emotional and team support, have shown to inhibit team performance [3, 4] but currently the understanding of impact workloads have on performance is still limited [4].
The study investigated the role of team workload demands on team performance (effectiveness, dissatisfaction).
Methods
Data was collected during the Norwegian Defense Cyber Academy’s annual Cyber Defense Exercise.
The Team Workload Questionnaire[5] was used as the independent variable to assess workload demands. The Teamwork component (communication, coordination, team performance monitoring) and Task-Team component (time-share, team emotion, team support) were used as predictors.
For performance outcomes, two self-reported items were created, Team Effectiveness and Team Dissatisfaction, on a 10-point Likert scale (none-very).
The study conformed to the Norwegian Social Science Data Services’ ethical guidelines. Participants gave their informed consent verbally and were informed that they could withdraw from participation at any time.
Statistical analysis was done with JASP version .14.1[6]. Alpha levels were set to .05.
Results
Teamwork demands (communication (β=.608), coordination (β =.224), team performance monitoring (β =-.149) could predict Team Effectiveness (R2=.632, F=5.16, p=.024).
Task-team workload demands (team support (β =.328), team emotion (β=.878), time-share demands (β =-.196)) could predict Team Dissatisfaction (R2=.853, F=17.36, p<.001).
Discussion
This study investigated the influence of team workload demands on team performance. Results support the hypotheses. Teamwork demands could predict team effectiveness while Task-team demands could predict more negative aspects of team performance and the results are in line with previous research [3, 4, 7].
Future research in cyber security operations should incorporate team workload demands to assess performance.
This research is funded by the Norwegian Research Council (#302941).
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Knox, Benjamin James; Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio; Sütterlin, Stefan & Ask, Torvald Fossåen
(2021).
The Human Factors.
-
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen
(2020).
Hjernen og Nerveceller.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen
(2020).
Sansing og Persepsjon.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen
(2019).
Master i Nevrovitenskap ved NTNU i Trondheim.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen
(2019).
Hjernen og Nerveceller.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen
(2019).
Evolusjon, genetikk og atferd.
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Masakowski, Yvonne; Blatny, Janet Martha; Knox, Benjamin James; Lauder, Matthew A.; Sivertsen, Eskil Grendahl & Grigsby, Claude C.
[Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2023).
Mitigating and Responding to Cognitive Warfare.
NATO Science and Technology Organization.
ISSN 978-92-837-2433-9.
Vis sammendrag
The NATO STO HFM-ET-356 performed an assessment of the Science and Technologies (S&T) required to mitigate and defend against Cognitive Warfare (CogWar). CogWar has emerged replete with security challenges due to its invasive and invisible nature and where the goal is to exploit facets of cognition to disrupt, undermine, influence, or modify human decisions (proposed by HFM-ET-356). CogWar represents the convergence of a wide range of advanced technologies along
with human factors, used by NATO’s adversaries in the 21st century battlespace. CogWar is a risk to global defence and security and threatens human decision making.
The ET-356 proposed a S&T Road map to guide NATO and Allied Partners in future research activities and investments. The proposed Road map is based on a “House Model,” and linked to the Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act (OODA) decision cycle. The Model represents seven main S&T knowledge areas and enablers that are cross-cutting related: Pillars: Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Social and Cultural Science; and Bars: Situational Awareness and Sensemaking, Cognitive Effects, modus operandi, and Technology and Force Multipliers.
This work underpins the NATO Warfighting Capstone Concept and its Warfare Development Initiative Cognitive Superiority, and the NATO Strategic Concept 2022.
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Ask, Torvald Fossåen
(2020).
Towards modeling of neuronal networks in HUWE1-induced XLID
.
NTNU.